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#ifndef RBIMPL_RTYPEDDATA_H /*-*-C++-*-vi:se ft=cpp:*/
#define RBIMPL_RTYPEDDATA_H
/**
* @file
* @author Ruby developers <ruby-core@ruby-lang.org>
* @copyright This file is a part of the programming language Ruby.
* Permission is hereby granted, to either redistribute and/or
* modify this file, provided that the conditions mentioned in the
* file COPYING are met. Consult the file for details.
* @warning Symbols prefixed with either `RBIMPL` or `rbimpl` are
* implementation details. Don't take them as canon. They could
* rapidly appear then vanish. The name (path) of this header file
* is also an implementation detail. Do not expect it to persist
* at the place it is now. Developers are free to move it anywhere
* anytime at will.
* @note To ruby-core: remember that this header can be possibly
* recursively included from extension libraries written in C++.
* Do not expect for instance `__VA_ARGS__` is always available.
* We assume C99 for ruby itself but we don't assume languages of
* extension libraries. They could be written in C++98.
* @brief Defines struct ::RTypedData.
*/
#include "ruby/internal/config.h"
#ifdef STDC_HEADERS
# include <stddef.h>
#endif
#include "ruby/internal/assume.h"
#include "ruby/internal/attr/artificial.h"
#include "ruby/internal/attr/flag_enum.h"
#include "ruby/internal/attr/nonnull.h"
#include "ruby/internal/attr/pure.h"
#include "ruby/internal/cast.h"
#include "ruby/internal/core/rbasic.h"
#include "ruby/internal/core/rdata.h"
#include "ruby/internal/dllexport.h"
#include "ruby/internal/error.h"
#include "ruby/internal/fl_type.h"
#include "ruby/internal/stdbool.h"
#include "ruby/internal/value_type.h"
/**
* @private
*
* @deprecated This macro once was a thing in the old days, but makes no sense
* any longer today. Exists here for backwards compatibility
* only. You can safely forget about it.
*/
#define HAVE_TYPE_RB_DATA_TYPE_T 1
/**
* @private
*
* @deprecated This macro once was a thing in the old days, but makes no sense
* any longer today. Exists here for backwards compatibility
* only. You can safely forget about it.
*/
#define HAVE_RB_DATA_TYPE_T_FUNCTION 1
/**
* @private
*
* @deprecated This macro once was a thing in the old days, but makes no sense
* any longer today. Exists here for backwards compatibility
* only. You can safely forget about it.
*/
#define HAVE_RB_DATA_TYPE_T_PARENT 1
/**
* This is a value you can set to ::rb_data_type_struct::dfree. Setting this
* means the data was allocated using ::ruby_xmalloc() (or variants), and shall
* be freed using ::ruby_xfree().
*
* @warning Do not use this if you want to use system malloc, because the
* system and Ruby might or might not share the same malloc
* implementation.
*/
#define RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE RUBY_DEFAULT_FREE
/**
* This is a value you can set to ::rb_data_type_struct::dfree. Setting this
* means the data is managed by someone else, like, statically allocated. Of
* course you are on your own then.
*/
#define RUBY_TYPED_NEVER_FREE RUBY_NEVER_FREE
/**
* Convenient casting macro.
*
* @param obj An object, which is in fact an ::RTypedData.
* @return The passed object casted to ::RTypedData.
*/
#define RTYPEDDATA(obj) RBIMPL_CAST((struct RTypedData *)(obj))
/**
* Convenient getter macro.
*
* @param v An object, which is in fact an ::RTypedData.
* @return The passed object's ::RTypedData::data field.
*/
#define RTYPEDDATA_DATA(v) (RTYPEDDATA(v)->data)
/** @old{rb_check_typeddata} */
#define Check_TypedStruct(v, t) \
rb_check_typeddata(RBIMPL_CAST((VALUE)(v)), (t))
/** @cond INTERNAL_MACRO */
#define RTYPEDDATA_P RTYPEDDATA_P
#define RTYPEDDATA_TYPE RTYPEDDATA_TYPE
#define RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
#define RUBY_TYPED_FROZEN_SHAREABLE RUBY_TYPED_FROZEN_SHAREABLE
#define RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED
#define RUBY_TYPED_PROMOTED1 RUBY_TYPED_PROMOTED1
/** @endcond */
/**
* @private
*
* Bits for rb_data_type_struct::flags.
*/
enum
RBIMPL_ATTR_FLAG_ENUM()
rbimpl_typeddata_flags {
/**
* This flag has something to do with Ruby's global interpreter lock. For
* maximum safety, Ruby locks the entire VM during GC. However your
* callback functions could unintentionally unlock it, for instance when
* they try to flush an IO buffer. Such operations are dangerous (threads
* then run alongside of GC). By default, to prevent those scenario,
* callbacks are deferred until the GC engine is 100% sure threads can run.
* This flag skips that; structs with it are deallocated during the sweep
* phase.
*
* Using this flag needs deep understanding of both GC and threads. You
* would better leave it unspecified.
*/
RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY = 1,
/**
* This flag has something to do with Ractor. Multiple Ractors run without
* protecting each other. Sharing an object among Ractors is basically
* dangerous, disabled by default. This flag is used to bypass that
* restriction. but setting it is not enough. In addition to do so, an
* object also has to be frozen, and be passed to
* rb_ractor_make_shareable() before being actually shareable. Of course,
* you have to manually prevent race conditions then.
*
* Using this flag needs deep understanding of multithreaded programming.
* You would better leave it unspecified.
*/
RUBY_TYPED_FROZEN_SHAREABLE = RUBY_FL_SHAREABLE,
/**
* This flag has something to do with our garbage collector. These days
* ruby objects are "generational". There are those who are young and
* those who are old. Young objects are prone to die; monitored relatively
* extensively by the garbage collector. OTOH old objects tend to live
* longer. They are relatively rarely considered. This basically works.
* But there is one tweak that has to be exercised. When an elder object
* has reference(s) to younger one(s), that referenced objects must not
* die. In order to detect additions of such references, old generations
* are protected by write barriers. It is a very difficult hack to
* appropriately insert write barriers everywhere. This mechanism is
* disabled by default for 3rd party extensions (they never get aged). By
* specifying this flag you can enable the generational feature to your
* data structure. Of course, you have to manually insert write barriers
* then.
*
* Using this flag needs deep understanding of GC internals, often at the
* level of source code. You would better leave it unspecified.
*/
RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED = RUBY_FL_WB_PROTECTED, /* THIS FLAG DEPENDS ON Ruby version */
/**
* This flag is mysterious. It seems nobody is currently using it. The
* intention of this flag is also unclear. We need further investigations.
*/
RUBY_TYPED_PROMOTED1 = RUBY_FL_PROMOTED1 /* THIS FLAG DEPENDS ON Ruby version */
};
/**
* This is the struct that holds necessary info for a struct. It roughly
* resembles a Ruby level class; multiple objects can share a ::rb_data_type_t
* instance.
*/
typedef struct rb_data_type_struct rb_data_type_t;
/** @copydoc rb_data_type_t */
struct rb_data_type_struct {
/**
* Name of structs of this kind. This is used for diagnostic purposes.
* This has to be unique in the process, but doesn't has to be a valid
* C/Ruby identifier.
*/
const char *wrap_struct_name;
/** Function pointers. Resembles C++ `vtbl`.*/
struct {
/**
* This function is called when the object is experiencing GC marks.
* If it contains references to other Ruby objects, you need to mark
* them also. Otherwise GC will smash your data.
*
* @see rb_gc_mark()
* @warning This is called during GC runs. Object allocations are
* impossible at that moment (that is why GC runs).
*/
RUBY_DATA_FUNC dmark;
/**
* This function is called when the object is no longer used. You need
* to do whatever necessary to avoid memory leaks.
*
* @warning This is called during GC runs. Object allocations are
* impossible at that moment (that is why GC runs).
*/
RUBY_DATA_FUNC dfree;
/**
* This function is to query the size of the underlying memory regions.
*
* @internal
*
* This function has only one usage, which is form inside of
* `ext/objspace`.
*/
size_t (*dsize)(const void *);
/**
* This function is called when the object is relocated. Like
* ::rb_data_type_struct::dmark, you need to update references to Ruby
* objects inside of your structs.
*
* @see rb_gc_location()
* @warning This is called during GC runs. Object allocations are
* impossible at that moment (that is why GC runs).
*/
RUBY_DATA_FUNC dcompact;
/**
* This field is reserved for future extension. For now, it must be
* filled with zeros.
*/
void *reserved[1]; /* For future extension.
This array *must* be filled with ZERO. */
} function;
/**
* Parent of this class. Sometimes C structs have inheritance-like
* relationships. An example is `struct sockaddr` and its family. If you
* design such things, make ::rb_data_type_t for each of them and connect
* using this field. Ruby can then transparently cast your data back and
* forth when you call #TypedData_Get_Struct().
*
* ```CXX
* struct parent { };
* static inline const rb_data_type_t parent_type = {
* .wrap_struct_name = "parent",
* };
*
* struct child: public parent { };
* static inline const rb_data_type_t child_type = {
* .wrap_struct_name = "child",
* .parent = &parent_type,
* };
*
* // This function can take both parent_class and child_class.
* static inline struct parent *
* get_parent(VALUE v)
* {
* struct parent *p;
* TypedData_Get_Struct(v, parent_type, struct parent, p);
* return p;
* }
* ```
*/
const rb_data_type_t *parent;
/**
* Type-specific static data. This area can be used for any purpose by a
* programmer who define the type. Ruby does not manage this at all.
*/
void *data; /* This area can be used for any purpose
by a programmer who define the type. */
/**
* Type-specific behavioural characteristics. This is a bitfield. It is
* an EXTREMELY WISE IDEA to leave this field blank. It is designed so
* that setting zero is the safest thing to do. If you risk to set any
* bits on, you have to know exactly what you are doing.
*
* @internal
*
* Why it has to be a ::VALUE? @shyouhei doesn't understand the design.
*/
VALUE flags; /* RUBY_FL_WB_PROTECTED */
};
/**
* "Typed" user data. By using this, extension libraries can wrap a C struct
* to make it visible from Ruby. For instance if you have a `struct timeval`,
* and you want users to use it,
*
* ```CXX
* static inline const rb_data_type_t timeval_type = {
* // Note that unspecified fields are 0-filled by default.
* .wrap_struct_name = "timeval",
* .function = {
* .dmark = nullptr, // no need to mark
* .dfree = RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE, // use ruby_xfree()
* .dsize = [](auto) {
* return sizeof(struct timeval);
* },
* },
* };
*
* extern "C" void
* Init_timeval(void)
* {
* auto klass = rb_define_class("YourName", rb_cObject);
*
* rb_define_alloc_func(klass, [](auto klass) {
* struct timeval *t;
* auto ret = TypedData_Make_Struct(
* klass, struct timeval, &timeval_type, t);
*
* if (auto i = gettimeofday(t, nullptr); i == -1) {
* rb_sys_fail("gettimeofday(3)");
* }
* else {
* return ret;
* }
* });
* }
* ```
*/
struct RTypedData {
/** The part that all ruby objects have in common. */
struct RBasic basic;
/**
* This field stores various information about how Ruby should handle a
* data. This roughly resembles a Ruby level class (apart from method
* definition etc.)
*/
const rb_data_type_t *type;
/**
* This has to be always 1.
*
* @internal
*
* Why, then, this is not a const ::VALUE?
*/
VALUE typed_flag;
/** Pointer to the actual C level struct that you want to wrap. */
void *data;
};
RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_BEGIN()
RBIMPL_ATTR_NONNULL((3))
/**
* This is the primitive way to wrap an existing C struct into ::RTypedData.
*
* @param[in] klass Ruby level class of the returning object.
* @param[in] datap Pointer to the target C struct.
* @param[in] type The characteristics of the passed data.
* @exception rb_eTypeError `klass` is not a class.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Out of memory.
* @return An allocated object that wraps `datap`.
*/
VALUE rb_data_typed_object_wrap(VALUE klass, void *datap, const rb_data_type_t *type);
/**
* Identical to rb_data_typed_object_wrap(), except it allocates a new data
* region internally instead of taking an existing one. The allocation is done
* using ruby_calloc(). Hence it makes no sense for `type->function.dfree` to
* be anything other than ::RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE.
*
* @param[in] klass Ruby level class of the returning object.
* @param[in] size Requested size of memory to allocate.
* @param[in] type The characteristics of the passed data.
* @exception rb_eTypeError `klass` is not a class.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Out of memory.
* @return An allocated object that wraps a new `size` byte region.
*/
VALUE rb_data_typed_object_zalloc(VALUE klass, size_t size, const rb_data_type_t *type);
/**
* Checks for the domestic relationship between the two.
*
* @param[in] child A data type supposed to be a child of `parent`.
* @param[in] parent A data type supposed to be a parent of `child`.
* @retval true `child` is a descendent of `parent`.
* @retval false Otherwise.
*
* @internal
*
* You can path NULL to both arguments, don't know what that means though.
*/
int rb_typeddata_inherited_p(const rb_data_type_t *child, const rb_data_type_t *parent);
/**
* Checks if the given object is of given kind.
*
* @param[in] obj An instance of ::RTypedData.
* @param[in] data_type Expected data type of `obj`.
* @retval true `obj` is of `data_type`.
* @retval false Otherwise.
*/
int rb_typeddata_is_kind_of(VALUE obj, const rb_data_type_t *data_type);
/**
* Identical to rb_typeddata_is_kind_of(), except it raises exceptions instead
* of returning false.
*
* @param[in] obj An instance of ::RTypedData.
* @param[in] data_type Expected data type of `obj`.
* @exception rb_eTypeError obj is not of `data_type`.
* @return Unwrapped C struct that `obj` holds.
* @post Upon successful return `obj`'s type is guaranteed `data_type`.
*/
void *rb_check_typeddata(VALUE obj, const rb_data_type_t *data_type);
RBIMPL_SYMBOL_EXPORT_END()
/**
* Converts sval, a pointer to your struct, into a Ruby object.
*
* @param klass A ruby level class.
* @param data_type The type of `sval`.
* @param sval A pointer to your struct.
* @exception rb_eTypeError `klass` is not a class.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Out of memory.
* @return A created Ruby object.
*/
#define TypedData_Wrap_Struct(klass,data_type,sval)\
rb_data_typed_object_wrap((klass),(sval),(data_type))
/**
* @private
*
* This is an implementation detail of #TypedData_Make_Struct. People don't
* use it directly.
*
* @param result Variable name of created Ruby object.
* @param klass Ruby level class of the object.
* @param type Type name of the C struct.
* @param size Size of the C struct.
* @param data_type The data type describing `type`.
* @param sval Variable name of created C struct.
*/
#define TypedData_Make_Struct0(result, klass, type, size, data_type, sval) \
VALUE result = rb_data_typed_object_zalloc(klass, size, data_type); \
(sval) = RBIMPL_CAST((type *)RTYPEDDATA_DATA(result)); \
RBIMPL_CAST(/*suppress unused variable warnings*/(void)(sval))
/**
* Identical to #TypedData_Wrap_Struct, except it allocates a new data region
* internally instead of taking an existing one. The allocation is done using
* ruby_calloc(). Hence it makes no sense for `data_type->function.dfree` to
* be anything other than ::RUBY_TYPED_DEFAULT_FREE.
*
* @param klass Ruby level class of the object.
* @param type Type name of the C struct.
* @param data_type The data type describing `type`.
* @param sval Variable name of created C struct.
* @exception rb_eTypeError `klass` is not a class.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Out of memory.
* @return A created Ruby object.
*/
#ifdef HAVE_STMT_AND_DECL_IN_EXPR
#define TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, type, data_type, sval) \
RB_GNUC_EXTENSION({ \
TypedData_Make_Struct0( \
data_struct_obj, \
klass, \
type, \
sizeof(type), \
data_type, \
sval); \
data_struct_obj; \
})
#else
#define TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, type, data_type, sval) \
rb_data_typed_object_make( \
(klass), \
(data_type), \
RBIMPL_CAST((void **)&(sval)), \
sizeof(type))
#endif
/**
* Obtains a C struct from inside of a wrapper Ruby object.
*
* @param obj An instance of ::RTypedData.
* @param type Type name of the C struct.
* @param data_type The data type describing `type`.
* @param sval Variable name of obtained C struct.
* @exception rb_eTypeError `obj` is not a kind of `data_type`.
* @return Unwrapped C struct that `obj` holds.
*/
#define TypedData_Get_Struct(obj,type,data_type,sval) \
((sval) = RBIMPL_CAST((type *)rb_check_typeddata((obj), (data_type))))
RBIMPL_ATTR_PURE()
RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
/**
* @private
*
* This is an implementation detail of Check_Type(). People don't use it
* directly.
*
* @param[in] obj Object in question
* @retval true `obj` is an instance of ::RTypedData.
* @retval false `obj` is an instance of ::RData.
* @pre `obj` must be a Ruby object of ::RUBY_T_DATA.
*/
static inline bool
rbimpl_rtypeddata_p(VALUE obj)
{
return RTYPEDDATA(obj)->typed_flag == 1;
}
RBIMPL_ATTR_PURE_UNLESS_DEBUG()
RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
/**
* Checks whether the passed object is ::RTypedData or ::RData.
*
* @param[in] obj Object in question
* @retval true `obj` is an instance of ::RTypedData.
* @retval false `obj` is an instance of ::RData.
* @pre `obj` must be a Ruby object of ::RUBY_T_DATA.
*/
static inline bool
RTYPEDDATA_P(VALUE obj)
{
#if RUBY_DEBUG
if (RB_UNLIKELY(! RB_TYPE_P(obj, RUBY_T_DATA))) {
Check_Type(obj, RUBY_T_DATA);
RBIMPL_UNREACHABLE_RETURN(false);
}
#endif
return rbimpl_rtypeddata_p(obj);
}
RBIMPL_ATTR_PURE_UNLESS_DEBUG()
RBIMPL_ATTR_ARTIFICIAL()
/* :TODO: can this function be __attribute__((returns_nonnull)) or not? */
/**
* Queries for the type of given object.
*
* @param[in] obj Object in question
* @return Data type struct that corresponds to `obj`.
* @pre `obj` must be an instance of ::RTypedData.
*/
static inline const struct rb_data_type_struct *
RTYPEDDATA_TYPE(VALUE obj)
{
#if RUBY_DEBUG
if (RB_UNLIKELY(! RTYPEDDATA_P(obj))) {
rb_unexpected_type(obj, RUBY_T_DATA);
RBIMPL_UNREACHABLE_RETURN(NULL);
}
#endif
return RTYPEDDATA(obj)->type;
}
/**
* While we don't stop you from using this function, it seems to be an
* implementation detail of #TypedData_Make_Struct, which is preferred over
* this one.
*
* @param[in] klass Ruby level class of the returning object.
* @param[in] type The data type
* @param[out] datap Return pointer.
* @param[in] size Size of the C struct.
* @exception rb_eTypeError `klass` is not a class.
* @exception rb_eNoMemError Out of memory.
* @return A created Ruby object.
* @post `*datap` points to the C struct wrapped by the returned object.
*/
static inline VALUE
rb_data_typed_object_make(VALUE klass, const rb_data_type_t *type, void **datap, size_t size)
{
TypedData_Make_Struct0(result, klass, void, size, type, *datap);
return result;
}
RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("by: rb_data_typed_object_wrap"))
/** @deprecated This function was renamed to rb_data_typed_object_wrap(). */
static inline VALUE
rb_data_typed_object_alloc(VALUE klass, void *datap, const rb_data_type_t *type)
{
return rb_data_typed_object_wrap(klass, datap, type);
}
#endif /* RBIMPL_RTYPEDDATA_H */