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"""Site services for use with a Web Site Process Bus."""
import os
import re
import signal as _signal
import sys
import time
import threading
import _thread
from cherrypy._cpcompat import text_or_bytes
from cherrypy._cpcompat import ntob
# _module__file__base is used by Autoreload to make
# absolute any filenames retrieved from sys.modules which are not
# already absolute paths. This is to work around Python's quirk
# of importing the startup script and using a relative filename
# for it in sys.modules.
#
# Autoreload examines sys.modules afresh every time it runs. If an application
# changes the current directory by executing os.chdir(), then the next time
# Autoreload runs, it will not be able to find any filenames which are
# not absolute paths, because the current directory is not the same as when the
# module was first imported. Autoreload will then wrongly conclude the file
# has "changed", and initiate the shutdown/re-exec sequence.
# See ticket #917.
# For this workaround to have a decent probability of success, this module
# needs to be imported as early as possible, before the app has much chance
# to change the working directory.
_module__file__base = os.getcwd()
class SimplePlugin(object):
"""Plugin base class which auto-subscribes methods for known channels."""
bus = None
"""A :class:`Bus <cherrypy.process.wspbus.Bus>`, usually cherrypy.engine.
"""
def __init__(self, bus):
self.bus = bus
def subscribe(self):
"""Register this object as a (multi-channel) listener on the bus."""
for channel in self.bus.listeners:
# Subscribe self.start, self.exit, etc. if present.
method = getattr(self, channel, None)
if method is not None:
self.bus.subscribe(channel, method)
def unsubscribe(self):
"""Unregister this object as a listener on the bus."""
for channel in self.bus.listeners:
# Unsubscribe self.start, self.exit, etc. if present.
method = getattr(self, channel, None)
if method is not None:
self.bus.unsubscribe(channel, method)
class SignalHandler(object):
"""Register bus channels (and listeners) for system signals.
You can modify what signals your application listens for, and what it does
when it receives signals, by modifying :attr:`SignalHandler.handlers`,
a dict of {signal name: callback} pairs. The default set is::
handlers = {'SIGTERM': self.bus.exit,
'SIGHUP': self.handle_SIGHUP,
'SIGUSR1': self.bus.graceful,
}
The :func:`SignalHandler.handle_SIGHUP`` method calls
:func:`bus.restart()<cherrypy.process.wspbus.Bus.restart>`
if the process is daemonized, but
:func:`bus.exit()<cherrypy.process.wspbus.Bus.exit>`
if the process is attached to a TTY. This is because Unix window
managers tend to send SIGHUP to terminal windows when the user closes them.
Feel free to add signals which are not available on every platform.
The :class:`SignalHandler` will ignore errors raised from attempting
to register handlers for unknown signals.
"""
handlers = {}
"""A map from signal names (e.g. 'SIGTERM') to handlers (e.g. bus.exit)."""
signals = {}
"""A map from signal numbers to names."""
for k, v in vars(_signal).items():
if k.startswith('SIG') and not k.startswith('SIG_'):
signals[v] = k
del k, v
def __init__(self, bus):
self.bus = bus
# Set default handlers
self.handlers = {'SIGTERM': self.bus.exit,
'SIGHUP': self.handle_SIGHUP,
'SIGUSR1': self.bus.graceful,
}
if sys.platform[:4] == 'java':
del self.handlers['SIGUSR1']
self.handlers['SIGUSR2'] = self.bus.graceful
self.bus.log('SIGUSR1 cannot be set on the JVM platform. '
'Using SIGUSR2 instead.')
self.handlers['SIGINT'] = self._jython_SIGINT_handler
self._previous_handlers = {}
# used to determine is the process is a daemon in `self._is_daemonized`
self._original_pid = os.getpid()
def _jython_SIGINT_handler(self, signum=None, frame=None):
# See http://bugs.jython.org/issue1313
self.bus.log('Keyboard Interrupt: shutting down bus')
self.bus.exit()
def _is_daemonized(self):
"""Return boolean indicating if the current process is
running as a daemon.
The criteria to determine the `daemon` condition is to verify
if the current pid is not the same as the one that got used on
the initial construction of the plugin *and* the stdin is not
connected to a terminal.
The sole validation of the tty is not enough when the plugin
is executing inside other process like in a CI tool
(Buildbot, Jenkins).
"""
return (
self._original_pid != os.getpid() and
not os.isatty(sys.stdin.fileno())
)
def subscribe(self):
"""Subscribe self.handlers to signals."""
for sig, func in self.handlers.items():
try:
self.set_handler(sig, func)
except ValueError:
pass
def unsubscribe(self):
"""Unsubscribe self.handlers from signals."""
for signum, handler in self._previous_handlers.items():
signame = self.signals[signum]
if handler is None:
self.bus.log('Restoring %s handler to SIG_DFL.' % signame)
handler = _signal.SIG_DFL
else:
self.bus.log('Restoring %s handler %r.' % (signame, handler))
try:
our_handler = _signal.signal(signum, handler)
if our_handler is None:
self.bus.log('Restored old %s handler %r, but our '
'handler was not registered.' %
(signame, handler), level=30)
except ValueError:
self.bus.log('Unable to restore %s handler %r.' %
(signame, handler), level=40, traceback=True)
def set_handler(self, signal, listener=None):
"""Subscribe a handler for the given signal (number or name).
If the optional 'listener' argument is provided, it will be
subscribed as a listener for the given signal's channel.
If the given signal name or number is not available on the current
platform, ValueError is raised.
"""
if isinstance(signal, text_or_bytes):
signum = getattr(_signal, signal, None)
if signum is None:
raise ValueError('No such signal: %r' % signal)
signame = signal
else:
try:
signame = self.signals[signal]
except KeyError:
raise ValueError('No such signal: %r' % signal)
signum = signal
prev = _signal.signal(signum, self._handle_signal)
self._previous_handlers[signum] = prev
if listener is not None:
self.bus.log('Listening for %s.' % signame)
self.bus.subscribe(signame, listener)
def _handle_signal(self, signum=None, frame=None):
"""Python signal handler (self.set_handler subscribes it for you)."""
signame = self.signals[signum]
self.bus.log('Caught signal %s.' % signame)
self.bus.publish(signame)
def handle_SIGHUP(self):
"""Restart if daemonized, else exit."""
if self._is_daemonized():
self.bus.log('SIGHUP caught while daemonized. Restarting.')
self.bus.restart()
else:
# not daemonized (may be foreground or background)
self.bus.log('SIGHUP caught but not daemonized. Exiting.')
self.bus.exit()
try:
import pwd
import grp
except ImportError:
pwd, grp = None, None
class DropPrivileges(SimplePlugin):
"""Drop privileges. uid/gid arguments not available on Windows.
Special thanks to `Gavin Baker
<http://antonym.org/2005/12/dropping-privileges-in-python.html>`_
"""
def __init__(self, bus, umask=None, uid=None, gid=None):
SimplePlugin.__init__(self, bus)
self.finalized = False
self.uid = uid
self.gid = gid
self.umask = umask
@property
def uid(self):
"""The uid under which to run. Availability: Unix."""
return self._uid
@uid.setter
def uid(self, val):
if val is not None:
if pwd is None:
self.bus.log('pwd module not available; ignoring uid.',
level=30)
val = None
elif isinstance(val, text_or_bytes):
val = pwd.getpwnam(val)[2]
self._uid = val
@property
def gid(self):
"""The gid under which to run. Availability: Unix."""
return self._gid
@gid.setter
def gid(self, val):
if val is not None:
if grp is None:
self.bus.log('grp module not available; ignoring gid.',
level=30)
val = None
elif isinstance(val, text_or_bytes):
val = grp.getgrnam(val)[2]
self._gid = val
@property
def umask(self):
"""The default permission mode for newly created files and directories.
Usually expressed in octal format, for example, ``0644``.
Availability: Unix, Windows.
"""
return self._umask
@umask.setter
def umask(self, val):
if val is not None:
try:
os.umask
except AttributeError:
self.bus.log('umask function not available; ignoring umask.',
level=30)
val = None
self._umask = val
def start(self):
# uid/gid
def current_ids():
"""Return the current (uid, gid) if available."""
name, group = None, None
if pwd:
name = pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[0]
if grp:
group = grp.getgrgid(os.getgid())[0]
return name, group
if self.finalized:
if not (self.uid is None and self.gid is None):
self.bus.log('Already running as uid: %r gid: %r' %
current_ids())
else:
if self.uid is None and self.gid is None:
if pwd or grp:
self.bus.log('uid/gid not set', level=30)
else:
self.bus.log('Started as uid: %r gid: %r' % current_ids())
if self.gid is not None:
os.setgid(self.gid)
os.setgroups([])
if self.uid is not None:
os.setuid(self.uid)
self.bus.log('Running as uid: %r gid: %r' % current_ids())
# umask
if self.finalized:
if self.umask is not None:
self.bus.log('umask already set to: %03o' % self.umask)
else:
if self.umask is None:
self.bus.log('umask not set', level=30)
else:
old_umask = os.umask(self.umask)
self.bus.log('umask old: %03o, new: %03o' %
(old_umask, self.umask))
self.finalized = True
# This is slightly higher than the priority for server.start
# in order to facilitate the most common use: starting on a low
# port (which requires root) and then dropping to another user.
start.priority = 77
class Daemonizer(SimplePlugin):
"""Daemonize the running script.
Use this with a Web Site Process Bus via::
Daemonizer(bus).subscribe()
When this component finishes, the process is completely decoupled from
the parent environment. Please note that when this component is used,
the return code from the parent process will still be 0 if a startup
error occurs in the forked children. Errors in the initial daemonizing
process still return proper exit codes. Therefore, if you use this
plugin to daemonize, don't use the return code as an accurate indicator
of whether the process fully started. In fact, that return code only
indicates if the process successfully finished the first fork.
"""
def __init__(self, bus, stdin='/dev/null', stdout='/dev/null',
stderr='/dev/null'):
SimplePlugin.__init__(self, bus)
self.stdin = stdin
self.stdout = stdout
self.stderr = stderr
self.finalized = False
def start(self):
if self.finalized:
self.bus.log('Already deamonized.')
# forking has issues with threads:
# http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/000095399/functions/fork.html
# "The general problem with making fork() work in a multi-threaded
# world is what to do with all of the threads..."
# So we check for active threads:
if threading.active_count() != 1:
self.bus.log('There are %r active threads. '
'Daemonizing now may cause strange failures.' %
threading.enumerate(), level=30)
self.daemonize(self.stdin, self.stdout, self.stderr, self.bus.log)
self.finalized = True
start.priority = 65
@staticmethod
def daemonize(
stdin='/dev/null', stdout='/dev/null', stderr='/dev/null',
logger=lambda msg: None):
# See http://www.erlenstar.demon.co.uk/unix/faq_2.html#SEC16
# (or http://www.faqs.org/faqs/unix-faq/programmer/faq/ section 1.7)
# and http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/66012
# Finish up with the current stdout/stderr
sys.stdout.flush()
sys.stderr.flush()
error_tmpl = (
'{sys.argv[0]}: fork #{n} failed: ({exc.errno}) {exc.strerror}\n'
)
for fork in range(2):
msg = ['Forking once.', 'Forking twice.'][fork]
try:
pid = os.fork()
if pid > 0:
# This is the parent; exit.
logger(msg)
os._exit(0)
except OSError as exc:
# Python raises OSError rather than returning negative numbers.
sys.exit(error_tmpl.format(sys=sys, exc=exc, n=fork + 1))
if fork == 0:
os.setsid()
os.umask(0)
si = open(stdin, 'r')
so = open(stdout, 'a+')
se = open(stderr, 'a+')
# os.dup2(fd, fd2) will close fd2 if necessary,
# so we don't explicitly close stdin/out/err.
# See http://docs.python.org/lib/os-fd-ops.html
os.dup2(si.fileno(), sys.stdin.fileno())
os.dup2(so.fileno(), sys.stdout.fileno())
os.dup2(se.fileno(), sys.stderr.fileno())
logger('Daemonized to PID: %s' % os.getpid())
class PIDFile(SimplePlugin):
"""Maintain a PID file via a WSPBus."""
def __init__(self, bus, pidfile):
SimplePlugin.__init__(self, bus)
self.pidfile = pidfile
self.finalized = False
def start(self):
pid = os.getpid()
if self.finalized:
self.bus.log('PID %r already written to %r.' % (pid, self.pidfile))
else:
with open(self.pidfile, 'wb') as f:
f.write(ntob('%s\n' % pid, 'utf8'))
self.bus.log('PID %r written to %r.' % (pid, self.pidfile))
self.finalized = True
start.priority = 70
def exit(self):
try:
os.remove(self.pidfile)
self.bus.log('PID file removed: %r.' % self.pidfile)
except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
raise
except Exception:
pass
class PerpetualTimer(threading.Timer):
"""A responsive subclass of threading.Timer whose run() method repeats.
Use this timer only when you really need a very interruptible timer;
this checks its 'finished' condition up to 20 times a second, which can
results in pretty high CPU usage
"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
"Override parent constructor to allow 'bus' to be provided."
self.bus = kwargs.pop('bus', None)
super(PerpetualTimer, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def run(self):
while True:
self.finished.wait(self.interval)
if self.finished.isSet():
return
try:
self.function(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
except Exception:
if self.bus:
self.bus.log(
'Error in perpetual timer thread function %r.' %
self.function, level=40, traceback=True)
# Quit on first error to avoid massive logs.
raise
class BackgroundTask(threading.Thread):
"""A subclass of threading.Thread whose run() method repeats.
Use this class for most repeating tasks. It uses time.sleep() to wait
for each interval, which isn't very responsive; that is, even if you call
self.cancel(), you'll have to wait until the sleep() call finishes before
the thread stops. To compensate, it defaults to being daemonic, which means
it won't delay stopping the whole process.
"""
def __init__(self, interval, function, args=[], kwargs={}, bus=None):
super(BackgroundTask, self).__init__()
self.interval = interval
self.function = function
self.args = args
self.kwargs = kwargs
self.running = False
self.bus = bus
# default to daemonic
self.daemon = True
def cancel(self):
self.running = False
def run(self):
self.running = True
while self.running:
time.sleep(self.interval)
if not self.running:
return
try:
self.function(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
except Exception:
if self.bus:
self.bus.log('Error in background task thread function %r.'
% self.function, level=40, traceback=True)
# Quit on first error to avoid massive logs.
raise
class Monitor(SimplePlugin):
"""WSPBus listener to periodically run a callback in its own thread."""
callback = None
"""The function to call at intervals."""
frequency = 60
"""The time in seconds between callback runs."""
thread = None
"""A :class:`BackgroundTask<cherrypy.process.plugins.BackgroundTask>`
thread.
"""
def __init__(self, bus, callback, frequency=60, name=None):
SimplePlugin.__init__(self, bus)
self.callback = callback
self.frequency = frequency
self.thread = None
self.name = name
def start(self):
"""Start our callback in its own background thread."""
if self.frequency > 0:
threadname = self.name or self.__class__.__name__
if self.thread is None:
self.thread = BackgroundTask(self.frequency, self.callback,
bus=self.bus)
self.thread.name = threadname
self.thread.start()
self.bus.log('Started monitor thread %r.' % threadname)
else:
self.bus.log('Monitor thread %r already started.' % threadname)
start.priority = 70
def stop(self):
"""Stop our callback's background task thread."""
if self.thread is None:
self.bus.log('No thread running for %s.' %
self.name or self.__class__.__name__)
else:
if self.thread is not threading.current_thread():
name = self.thread.name
self.thread.cancel()
if not self.thread.daemon:
self.bus.log('Joining %r' % name)
self.thread.join()
self.bus.log('Stopped thread %r.' % name)
self.thread = None
def graceful(self):
"""Stop the callback's background task thread and restart it."""
self.stop()
self.start()
class Autoreloader(Monitor):
"""Monitor which re-executes the process when files change.
This :ref:`plugin<plugins>` restarts the process (via :func:`os.execv`)
if any of the files it monitors change (or is deleted). By default, the
autoreloader monitors all imported modules; you can add to the
set by adding to ``autoreload.files``::
cherrypy.engine.autoreload.files.add(myFile)
If there are imported files you do *not* wish to monitor, you can
adjust the ``match`` attribute, a regular expression. For example,
to stop monitoring cherrypy itself::
cherrypy.engine.autoreload.match = r'^(?!cherrypy).+'
Like all :class:`Monitor<cherrypy.process.plugins.Monitor>` plugins,
the autoreload plugin takes a ``frequency`` argument. The default is
1 second; that is, the autoreloader will examine files once each second.
"""
files = None
"""The set of files to poll for modifications."""
frequency = 1
"""The interval in seconds at which to poll for modified files."""
match = '.*'
"""A regular expression by which to match filenames."""
def __init__(self, bus, frequency=1, match='.*'):
self.mtimes = {}
self.files = set()
self.match = match
Monitor.__init__(self, bus, self.run, frequency)
def start(self):
"""Start our own background task thread for self.run."""
if self.thread is None:
self.mtimes = {}
Monitor.start(self)
start.priority = 70
def sysfiles(self):
"""Return a Set of sys.modules filenames to monitor."""
search_mod_names = filter(
re.compile(self.match).match,
list(sys.modules.keys()),
)
mods = map(sys.modules.get, search_mod_names)
return set(filter(None, map(self._file_for_module, mods)))
@classmethod
def _file_for_module(cls, module):
"""Return the relevant file for the module."""
return (
cls._archive_for_zip_module(module)
or cls._file_for_file_module(module)
)
@staticmethod
def _archive_for_zip_module(module):
"""Return the archive filename for the module if relevant."""
try:
return module.__loader__.archive
except AttributeError:
pass
@classmethod
def _file_for_file_module(cls, module):
"""Return the file for the module."""
try:
return module.__file__ and cls._make_absolute(module.__file__)
except AttributeError:
pass
@staticmethod
def _make_absolute(filename):
"""Ensure filename is absolute to avoid effect of os.chdir."""
return filename if os.path.isabs(filename) else (
os.path.normpath(os.path.join(_module__file__base, filename))
)
def run(self):
"""Reload the process if registered files have been modified."""
for filename in self.sysfiles() | self.files:
if filename:
if filename.endswith('.pyc'):
filename = filename[:-1]
oldtime = self.mtimes.get(filename, 0)
if oldtime is None:
# Module with no .py file. Skip it.
continue
try:
mtime = os.stat(filename).st_mtime
except OSError:
# Either a module with no .py file, or it's been deleted.
mtime = None
if filename not in self.mtimes:
# If a module has no .py file, this will be None.
self.mtimes[filename] = mtime
else:
if mtime is None or mtime > oldtime:
# The file has been deleted or modified.
self.bus.log('Restarting because %s changed.' %
filename)
self.thread.cancel()
self.bus.log('Stopped thread %r.' %
self.thread.name)
self.bus.restart()
return
class ThreadManager(SimplePlugin):
"""Manager for HTTP request threads.
If you have control over thread creation and destruction, publish to
the 'acquire_thread' and 'release_thread' channels (for each thread).
This will register/unregister the current thread and publish to
'start_thread' and 'stop_thread' listeners in the bus as needed.
If threads are created and destroyed by code you do not control
(e.g., Apache), then, at the beginning of every HTTP request,
publish to 'acquire_thread' only. You should not publish to
'release_thread' in this case, since you do not know whether
the thread will be re-used or not. The bus will call
'stop_thread' listeners for you when it stops.
"""
threads = None
"""A map of {thread ident: index number} pairs."""
def __init__(self, bus):
self.threads = {}
SimplePlugin.__init__(self, bus)
self.bus.listeners.setdefault('acquire_thread', set())
self.bus.listeners.setdefault('start_thread', set())
self.bus.listeners.setdefault('release_thread', set())
self.bus.listeners.setdefault('stop_thread', set())
def acquire_thread(self):
"""Run 'start_thread' listeners for the current thread.
If the current thread has already been seen, any 'start_thread'
listeners will not be run again.
"""
thread_ident = _thread.get_ident()
if thread_ident not in self.threads:
# We can't just use get_ident as the thread ID
# because some platforms reuse thread ID's.
i = len(self.threads) + 1
self.threads[thread_ident] = i
self.bus.publish('start_thread', i)
def release_thread(self):
"""Release the current thread and run 'stop_thread' listeners."""
thread_ident = _thread.get_ident()
i = self.threads.pop(thread_ident, None)
if i is not None:
self.bus.publish('stop_thread', i)
def stop(self):
"""Release all threads and run all 'stop_thread' listeners."""
for thread_ident, i in self.threads.items():
self.bus.publish('stop_thread', i)
self.threads.clear()
graceful = stop