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"""
Openstack Cloud Driver
======================
:depends: `shade>=1.19.0 <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/shade>`_
OpenStack is an open source project that is in use by a number a cloud
providers, each of which have their own ways of using it.
This OpenStack driver uses a the shade python module which is managed by the
OpenStack Infra team. This module is written to handle all the different
versions of different OpenStack tools for salt, so most commands are just passed
over to the module to handle everything.
Provider
--------
There are two ways to configure providers for this driver. The first one is to
just let shade handle everything, and configure using os-client-config_ and
setting up `/etc/openstack/clouds.yml`.
.. code-block:: yaml
clouds:
democloud:
region_name: RegionOne
auth:
username: 'demo'
password: secret
project_name: 'demo'
auth_url: 'http://openstack/identity'
And then this can be referenced in the salt provider based on the `democloud`
name.
.. code-block:: yaml
myopenstack:
driver: openstack
cloud: democloud
region_name: RegionOne
This allows for just using one configuration for salt-cloud and for any other
openstack tools which are all using `/etc/openstack/clouds.yml`
The other method allows for specifying everything in the provider config,
instead of using the extra configuration file. This will allow for passing
salt-cloud configs only through pillars for minions without having to write a
clouds.yml file on each minion.abs
.. code-block:: yaml
myopenstack:
driver: openstack
region_name: RegionOne
auth:
username: 'demo'
password: secret
project_name: 'demo'
user_domain_name: default,
project_domain_name: default,
auth_url: 'http://openstack/identity'
Or if you need to use a profile to setup some extra stuff, it can be passed as a
`profile` to use any of the vendor_ config options.
.. code-block:: yaml
myrackspace:
driver: openstack
profile: rackspace
auth:
username: rackusername
api_key: myapikey
region_name: ORD
auth_type: rackspace_apikey
And this will pull in the profile for rackspace and setup all the correct
options for the auth_url and different api versions for services.
Profile
-------
Most of the options for building servers are just passed on to the
create_server_ function from shade.
The salt specific ones are:
- ssh_key_file: The path to the ssh key that should be used to login to the machine to bootstrap it
- ssh_key_file: The name of the keypair in openstack
- userdata_template: The renderer to use if the userdata is a file that is templated. Default: False
- ssh_interface: The interface to use to login for bootstrapping: public_ips, private_ips, floating_ips, fixed_ips
- ignore_cidr: Specify a CIDR range of unreachable private addresses for salt to ignore when connecting
.. code-block:: yaml
centos:
provider: myopenstack
image: CentOS 7
size: ds1G
ssh_key_name: mykey
ssh_key_file: /root/.ssh/id_rsa
This is the minimum setup required.
If metadata is set to make sure that the host has finished setting up the
`wait_for_metadata` can be set.
.. code-block:: yaml
centos:
provider: myopenstack
image: CentOS 7
size: ds1G
ssh_key_name: mykey
ssh_key_file: /root/.ssh/id_rsa
meta:
build_config: rack_user_only
wait_for_metadata:
rax_service_level_automation: Complete
rackconnect_automation_status: DEPLOYED
If your OpenStack instances only have private IP addresses and a CIDR range of
private addresses are not reachable from the salt-master, you may set your
preference to have Salt ignore it:
.. code-block:: yaml
my-openstack-config:
ignore_cidr: 192.168.0.0/16
Anything else from the create_server_ docs can be passed through here.
- **image**: Image dict, name or ID to boot with. image is required
unless boot_volume is given.
- **flavor**: Flavor dict, name or ID to boot onto.
- **auto_ip**: Whether to take actions to find a routable IP for
the server. (defaults to True)
- **ips**: List of IPs to attach to the server (defaults to None)
- **ip_pool**: Name of the network or floating IP pool to get an
address from. (defaults to None)
- **root_volume**: Name or ID of a volume to boot from
(defaults to None - deprecated, use boot_volume)
- **boot_volume**: Name or ID of a volume to boot from
(defaults to None)
- **terminate_volume**: If booting from a volume, whether it should
be deleted when the server is destroyed.
(defaults to False)
- **volumes**: (optional) A list of volumes to attach to the server
- **meta**: (optional) A dict of arbitrary key/value metadata to
store for this server. Both keys and values must be
<=255 characters.
- **files**: (optional, deprecated) A dict of files to overwrite
on the server upon boot. Keys are file names (i.e.
``/etc/passwd``) and values
are the file contents (either as a string or as a
file-like object). A maximum of five entries is allowed,
and each file must be 10k or less.
- **reservation_id**: a UUID for the set of servers being requested.
- **min_count**: (optional extension) The minimum number of
servers to launch.
- **max_count**: (optional extension) The maximum number of
servers to launch.
- **security_groups**: A list of security group names
- **userdata**: user data to pass to be exposed by the metadata
server this can be a file type object as well or a
string.
- **key_name**: (optional extension) name of previously created
keypair to inject into the instance.
- **availability_zone**: Name of the availability zone for instance
placement.
- **block_device_mapping**: (optional) A list of dictionaries representing
legacy block device mappings for this server. See
`documentation <https://docs.openstack.org/nova/latest/user/block-device-mapping.html#block-device-mapping-v1-aka-legacy>`_
for details.
- **block_device_mapping_v2**: (optional) A list of dictionaries representing
block device mappings for this server. See
`v2 documentation <https://docs.openstack.org/nova/latest/user/block-device-mapping.html#block-device-mapping-v2>`_
for details.
- **nics**: (optional extension) an ordered list of nics to be
added to this server, with information about
connected networks, fixed IPs, port etc.
- **scheduler_hints**: (optional extension) arbitrary key-value pairs
specified by the client to help boot an instance
- **config_drive**: (optional extension) value for config drive
either boolean, or volume-id
- **disk_config**: (optional extension) control how the disk is
partitioned when the server is created. possible
values are 'AUTO' or 'MANUAL'.
- **admin_pass**: (optional extension) add a user supplied admin
password.
- **timeout**: (optional) Seconds to wait, defaults to 60.
See the ``wait`` parameter.
- **reuse_ips**: (optional) Whether to attempt to reuse pre-existing
floating ips should a floating IP be
needed (defaults to True)
- **network**: (optional) Network dict or name or ID to attach the
server to. Mutually exclusive with the nics parameter.
Can also be be a list of network names or IDs or
network dicts.
- **boot_from_volume**: Whether to boot from volume. 'boot_volume'
implies True, but boot_from_volume=True with
no boot_volume is valid and will create a
volume from the image and use that.
- **volume_size**: When booting an image from volume, how big should
the created volume be? Defaults to 50.
- **nat_destination**: Which network should a created floating IP
be attached to, if it's not possible to
infer from the cloud's configuration.
(Optional, defaults to None)
- **group**: ServerGroup dict, name or id to boot the server in.
If a group is provided in both scheduler_hints and in
the group param, the group param will win.
(Optional, defaults to None)
.. note::
If there is anything added, that is not in this list, it can be added to an `extras`
dictionary for the profile, and that will be to the create_server function.
.. _create_server: https://docs.openstack.org/shade/latest/user/usage.html#shade.OpenStackCloud.create_server
.. _vendor: https://docs.openstack.org/os-client-config/latest/user/vendor-support.html
.. _os-client-config: https://docs.openstack.org/os-client-config/latest/user/configuration.html#config-files
"""
import copy
import logging
import os
import pprint
import socket
import salt.config as config
from salt.exceptions import (
SaltCloudConfigError,
SaltCloudExecutionFailure,
SaltCloudExecutionTimeout,
SaltCloudSystemExit,
)
from salt.utils.versions import Version
try:
import os_client_config
import shade
import shade.exc
import shade.openstackcloud
HAS_SHADE = (
Version(shade.__version__) >= Version("1.19.0"),
"Please install newer version of shade: >= 1.19.0",
)
except ImportError:
HAS_SHADE = (False, "Install pypi module shade >= 1.19.0")
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
__virtualname__ = "openstack"
def __virtual__():
"""
Check for OpenStack dependencies
"""
if get_configured_provider() is False:
return False
if get_dependencies() is False:
return HAS_SHADE
return __virtualname__
def _get_active_provider_name():
try:
return __active_provider_name__.value()
except AttributeError:
return __active_provider_name__
def get_configured_provider():
"""
Return the first configured instance.
"""
provider = config.is_provider_configured(
__opts__,
_get_active_provider_name() or __virtualname__,
("auth", "region_name"),
)
if provider:
return provider
return config.is_provider_configured(
__opts__,
_get_active_provider_name() or __virtualname__,
("cloud", "region_name"),
)
def get_dependencies():
"""
Warn if dependencies aren't met.
"""
if not HAS_SHADE:
log.warning('"shade" not found')
return False
elif hasattr(HAS_SHADE, "__len__") and not HAS_SHADE[0]:
log.warning(HAS_SHADE[1])
return False
deps = {"shade": HAS_SHADE[0], "os_client_config": HAS_SHADE[0]}
return config.check_driver_dependencies(__virtualname__, deps)
def preferred_ip(vm_, ips):
"""
Return either an 'ipv4' (default) or 'ipv6' address depending on 'protocol' option.
The list of 'ipv4' IPs is filtered by ignore_cidr() to remove any unreachable private addresses.
"""
proto = config.get_cloud_config_value(
"protocol", vm_, __opts__, default="ipv4", search_global=False
)
family = socket.AF_INET
if proto == "ipv6":
family = socket.AF_INET6
for ip in ips:
ignore_ip = ignore_cidr(vm_, ip)
if ignore_ip:
continue
try:
socket.inet_pton(family, ip)
return ip
except Exception: # pylint: disable=broad-except
continue
return False
def ignore_cidr(vm_, ip):
"""
Return True if we are to ignore the specified IP.
"""
from ipaddress import ip_address, ip_network
cidrs = config.get_cloud_config_value(
"ignore_cidr", vm_, __opts__, default=[], search_global=False
)
if cidrs and isinstance(cidrs, str):
cidrs = [cidrs]
for cidr in cidrs or []:
if ip_address(ip) in ip_network(cidr):
log.warning("IP %r found within %r; ignoring it.", ip, cidr)
return True
return False
def ssh_interface(vm_):
"""
Return the ssh_interface type to connect to. Either 'public_ips' (default)
or 'private_ips'.
"""
return config.get_cloud_config_value(
"ssh_interface", vm_, __opts__, default="public_ips", search_global=False
)
def get_conn():
"""
Return a conn object for the passed VM data
"""
if _get_active_provider_name() in __context__:
return __context__[_get_active_provider_name()]
vm_ = get_configured_provider()
profile = vm_.pop("profile", None)
if profile is not None:
vm_ = __utils__["dictupdate.update"](
os_client_config.vendors.get_profile(profile), vm_
)
conn = shade.openstackcloud.OpenStackCloud(cloud_config=None, **vm_)
if _get_active_provider_name() is not None:
__context__[_get_active_provider_name()] = conn
return conn
def list_nodes(conn=None, call=None):
"""
Return a list of VMs
CLI Example
.. code-block:: bash
salt-cloud -f list_nodes myopenstack
"""
if call == "action":
raise SaltCloudSystemExit(
"The list_nodes function must be called with -f or --function."
)
ret = {}
for node, info in list_nodes_full(conn=conn).items():
for key in (
"id",
"name",
"size",
"state",
"private_ips",
"public_ips",
"floating_ips",
"fixed_ips",
"image",
):
ret.setdefault(node, {}).setdefault(key, info.get(key))
return ret
def list_nodes_min(conn=None, call=None):
"""
Return a list of VMs with minimal information
CLI Example
.. code-block:: bash
salt-cloud -f list_nodes_min myopenstack
"""
if call == "action":
raise SaltCloudSystemExit(
"The list_nodes_min function must be called with -f or --function."
)
if conn is None:
conn = get_conn()
ret = {}
for node in conn.list_servers(bare=True):
ret[node.name] = {"id": node.id, "state": node.status}
return ret
def _get_ips(node, addr_type="public"):
ret = []
for _, interface in node.addresses.items():
for addr in interface:
if addr_type in ("floating", "fixed") and addr_type == addr.get(
"OS-EXT-IPS:type"
):
ret.append(addr["addr"])
elif addr_type == "public" and __utils__["cloud.is_public_ip"](
addr["addr"]
):
ret.append(addr["addr"])
elif addr_type == "private" and not __utils__["cloud.is_public_ip"](
addr["addr"]
):
ret.append(addr["addr"])
return ret
def list_nodes_full(conn=None, call=None):
"""
Return a list of VMs with all the information about them
CLI Example
.. code-block:: bash
salt-cloud -f list_nodes_full myopenstack
"""
if call == "action":
raise SaltCloudSystemExit(
"The list_nodes_full function must be called with -f or --function."
)
if conn is None:
conn = get_conn()
ret = {}
for node in conn.list_servers(detailed=True):
ret[node.name] = dict(node)
ret[node.name]["id"] = node.id
ret[node.name]["name"] = node.name
ret[node.name]["size"] = node.flavor.name
ret[node.name]["state"] = node.status
ret[node.name]["private_ips"] = _get_ips(node, "private")
ret[node.name]["public_ips"] = _get_ips(node, "public")
ret[node.name]["floating_ips"] = _get_ips(node, "floating")
ret[node.name]["fixed_ips"] = _get_ips(node, "fixed")
if isinstance(node.image, str):
ret[node.name]["image"] = node.image
else:
ret[node.name]["image"] = getattr(
conn.get_image(node.image.id), "name", node.image.id
)
return ret
def list_nodes_select(conn=None, call=None):
"""
Return a list of VMs with the fields from `query.selection`
CLI Example
.. code-block:: bash
salt-cloud -f list_nodes_full myopenstack
"""
if call == "action":
raise SaltCloudSystemExit(
"The list_nodes_select function must be called with -f or --function."
)
return __utils__["cloud.list_nodes_select"](
list_nodes(conn, "function"), __opts__["query.selection"], call
)
def show_instance(name, conn=None, call=None):
"""
Get VM on this OpenStack account
name
name of the instance
CLI Example
.. code-block:: bash
salt-cloud -a show_instance myserver
"""
if call != "action":
raise SaltCloudSystemExit(
"The show_instance action must be called with -a or --action."
)
if conn is None:
conn = get_conn()
node = conn.get_server(name, bare=True)
ret = dict(node)
ret["id"] = node.id
ret["name"] = node.name
ret["size"] = conn.get_flavor(node.flavor.id).name
ret["state"] = node.status
ret["private_ips"] = _get_ips(node, "private")
ret["public_ips"] = _get_ips(node, "public")
ret["floating_ips"] = _get_ips(node, "floating")
ret["fixed_ips"] = _get_ips(node, "fixed")
if isinstance(node.image, str):
ret["image"] = node.image
else:
ret["image"] = getattr(conn.get_image(node.image.id), "name", node.image.id)
return ret
def avail_images(conn=None, call=None):
"""
List available images for OpenStack
CLI Example
.. code-block:: bash
salt-cloud -f avail_images myopenstack
salt-cloud --list-images myopenstack
"""
if call == "action":
raise SaltCloudSystemExit(
"The avail_images function must be called with "
"-f or --function, or with the --list-images option"
)
if conn is None:
conn = get_conn()
return conn.list_images()
def avail_sizes(conn=None, call=None):
"""
List available sizes for OpenStack
CLI Example
.. code-block:: bash
salt-cloud -f avail_sizes myopenstack
salt-cloud --list-sizes myopenstack
"""
if call == "action":
raise SaltCloudSystemExit(
"The avail_sizes function must be called with "
"-f or --function, or with the --list-sizes option"
)
if conn is None:
conn = get_conn()
return conn.list_flavors()
def list_networks(conn=None, call=None):
"""
List networks for OpenStack
CLI Example
.. code-block:: bash
salt-cloud -f list_networks myopenstack
"""
if call == "action":
raise SaltCloudSystemExit(
"The list_networks function must be called with -f or --function"
)
if conn is None:
conn = get_conn()
return conn.list_networks()
def list_subnets(conn=None, call=None, kwargs=None):
"""
List subnets in a virtual network
network
network to list subnets of
.. code-block:: bash
salt-cloud -f list_subnets myopenstack network=salt-net
"""
if call == "action":
raise SaltCloudSystemExit(
"The list_subnets function must be called with -f or --function."
)
if conn is None:
conn = get_conn()
if kwargs is None or (isinstance(kwargs, dict) and "network" not in kwargs):
raise SaltCloudSystemExit("A `network` must be specified")
return conn.list_subnets(filters={"network": kwargs["network"]})
def _clean_create_kwargs(**kwargs):
"""
Sanitize kwargs to be sent to create_server
"""
VALID_OPTS = {
"name": (str,),
"image": (str,),
"flavor": (str,),
"auto_ip": bool,
"ips": list,
"ip_pool": (str,),
"root_volume": (str,),
"boot_volume": (str,),
"terminate_volume": bool,
"volumes": list,
"meta": dict,
"files": dict,
"reservation_id": (str,),
"security_groups": list,
"key_name": (str,),
"availability_zone": (str,),
"block_device_mapping": list,
"block_device_mapping_v2": list,
"nics": list,
"scheduler_hints": dict,
"config_drive": bool,
"disk_config": (str,), # AUTO or MANUAL
"admin_pass": (str,),
"wait": bool,
"timeout": int,
"reuse_ips": bool,
"network": (dict, list),
"boot_from_volume": bool,
"volume_size": int,
"nat_destination": (str,),
"group": (str,),
"userdata": (str,),
}
extra = kwargs.pop("extra", {})
for key, value in kwargs.copy().items():
if key in VALID_OPTS:
if isinstance(value, VALID_OPTS[key]):
continue
log.error("Error %s: %s is not of type %s", key, value, VALID_OPTS[key])
kwargs.pop(key)
return __utils__["dictupdate.update"](kwargs, extra)
def request_instance(vm_, conn=None, call=None):
"""
Request an instance to be built
"""
if call == "function":
# Technically this function may be called other ways too, but it
# definitely cannot be called with --function.
raise SaltCloudSystemExit(
"The request_instance action must be called with -a or --action."
)
kwargs = copy.deepcopy(vm_)
log.info("Creating Cloud VM %s", vm_["name"])
__utils__["cloud.check_name"](vm_["name"], "a-zA-Z0-9._-")
if conn is None:
conn = get_conn()
userdata = config.get_cloud_config_value(
"userdata", vm_, __opts__, search_global=False, default=None
)
if userdata is not None and os.path.isfile(userdata):
try:
with __utils__["files.fopen"](userdata, "r") as fp_:
kwargs["userdata"] = __utils__["cloud.userdata_template"](
__opts__, vm_, fp_.read()
)
except Exception as exc: # pylint: disable=broad-except
log.exception("Failed to read userdata from %s: %s", userdata, exc)
if "size" in kwargs:
kwargs["flavor"] = kwargs.pop("size")
kwargs["key_name"] = config.get_cloud_config_value(
"ssh_key_name", vm_, __opts__, search_global=False, default=None
)
kwargs["wait"] = True
try:
conn.create_server(**_clean_create_kwargs(**kwargs))
except shade.exc.OpenStackCloudException as exc:
log.error("Error creating server %s: %s", vm_["name"], exc)
destroy(vm_["name"], conn=conn, call="action")
raise SaltCloudSystemExit(str(exc))
return show_instance(vm_["name"], conn=conn, call="action")
def create(vm_):
"""
Create a single VM from a data dict
"""
deploy = config.get_cloud_config_value("deploy", vm_, __opts__)
key_filename = config.get_cloud_config_value(
"ssh_key_file", vm_, __opts__, search_global=False, default=None
)
if key_filename is not None and not os.path.isfile(key_filename):
raise SaltCloudConfigError(
f"The defined ssh_key_file '{key_filename}' does not exist"
)
vm_["key_filename"] = key_filename
__utils__["cloud.fire_event"](
"event",
"starting create",
"salt/cloud/{}/creating".format(vm_["name"]),
args=__utils__["cloud.filter_event"](
"creating", vm_, ["name", "profile", "provider", "driver"]
),
sock_dir=__opts__["sock_dir"],
transport=__opts__["transport"],
)
conn = get_conn()
if "instance_id" in vm_:
# This was probably created via another process, and doesn't have
# things like salt keys created yet, so let's create them now.
if "pub_key" not in vm_ and "priv_key" not in vm_:
log.debug("Generating minion keys for '%s'", vm_["name"])
vm_["priv_key"], vm_["pub_key"] = __utils__["cloud.gen_keys"](
config.get_cloud_config_value("keysize", vm_, __opts__)
)
else:
# Put together all of the information required to request the instance,
# and then fire off the request for it
request_instance(conn=conn, call="action", vm_=vm_)
data = show_instance(vm_.get("instance_id", vm_["name"]), conn=conn, call="action")
log.debug("VM is now running")
def __query_node(vm_):
data = show_instance(vm_["name"], conn=conn, call="action")
if "wait_for_metadata" in vm_:
for key, value in vm_.get("wait_for_metadata", {}).items():
log.debug("Waiting for metadata: %s=%s", key, value)
if data["metadata"].get(key, None) != value:
log.debug(
"Metadata is not ready: %s=%s", key, data["metadata"].get(key)
)
return False
return preferred_ip(vm_, data[ssh_interface(vm_)])
try:
ip_address = __utils__["cloud.wait_for_fun"](__query_node, vm_=vm_)
except (SaltCloudExecutionTimeout, SaltCloudExecutionFailure) as exc:
try:
# It might be already up, let's destroy it!
destroy(vm_["name"])
except SaltCloudSystemExit:
pass
finally:
raise SaltCloudSystemExit(str(exc))
log.debug("Using IP address %s", ip_address)
salt_interface = __utils__["cloud.get_salt_interface"](vm_, __opts__)
salt_ip_address = preferred_ip(vm_, data[salt_interface])
log.debug("Salt interface set to: %s", salt_ip_address)
if not ip_address:
raise SaltCloudSystemExit("A valid IP address was not found")
vm_["ssh_host"] = ip_address
vm_["salt_host"] = salt_ip_address
ret = __utils__["cloud.bootstrap"](vm_, __opts__)
ret.update(data)
log.info("Created Cloud VM '%s'", vm_["name"])
log.debug("'%s' VM creation details:\n%s", vm_["name"], pprint.pformat(data))
event_data = {
"name": vm_["name"],
"profile": vm_["profile"],
"provider": vm_["driver"],
"instance_id": data["id"],
"floating_ips": data["floating_ips"],
"fixed_ips": data["fixed_ips"],
"private_ips": data["private_ips"],
"public_ips": data["public_ips"],
}
__utils__["cloud.fire_event"](
"event",
"created instance",
"salt/cloud/{}/created".format(vm_["name"]),
args=__utils__["cloud.filter_event"]("created", event_data, list(event_data)),
sock_dir=__opts__["sock_dir"],
transport=__opts__["transport"],
)
__utils__["cloud.cachedir_index_add"](
vm_["name"], vm_["profile"], "nova", vm_["driver"]
)
return ret
def destroy(name, conn=None, call=None):
"""
Delete a single VM
"""
if call == "function":
raise SaltCloudSystemExit(
"The destroy action must be called with -d, --destroy, -a or --action."
)
__utils__["cloud.fire_event"](
"event",
"destroying instance",
f"salt/cloud/{name}/destroying",
args={"name": name},
sock_dir=__opts__["sock_dir"],
transport=__opts__["transport"],
)
if not conn:
conn = get_conn()
node = show_instance(name, conn=conn, call="action")
log.info("Destroying VM: %s", name)
ret = conn.delete_server(name)
if ret:
log.info("Destroyed VM: %s", name)
# Fire destroy action
__utils__["cloud.fire_event"](
"event",
"destroyed instance",
f"salt/cloud/{name}/destroyed",
args={"name": name},
sock_dir=__opts__["sock_dir"],
transport=__opts__["transport"],
)
if __opts__.get("delete_sshkeys", False) is True:
__utils__["cloud.remove_sshkey"](
getattr(node, __opts__.get("ssh_interface", "public_ips"))[0]
)
if __opts__.get("update_cachedir", False) is True:
__utils__["cloud.delete_minion_cachedir"](
name, _get_active_provider_name().split(":")[0], __opts__
)
__utils__["cloud.cachedir_index_del"](name)
return True
log.error("Failed to Destroy VM: %s", name)
return False
def call(conn=None, call=None, kwargs=None):
"""
Call function from shade.
func
function to call from shade.openstackcloud library
CLI Example
.. code-block:: bash
salt-cloud -f call myopenstack func=list_images
t sujksalt-cloud -f call myopenstack func=create_network name=mysubnet
"""
if call == "action":
raise SaltCloudSystemExit(
"The call function must be called with -f or --function."
)
if "func" not in kwargs:
raise SaltCloudSystemExit("No `func` argument passed")
if conn is None:
conn = get_conn()
func = kwargs.pop("func")
for key, value in kwargs.items():
try:
kwargs[key] = __utils__["json.loads"](value)
except ValueError:
continue
try:
return getattr(conn, func)(**kwargs)
except shade.exc.OpenStackCloudException as exc:
log.error("Error running %s: %s", func, exc)
raise SaltCloudSystemExit(str(exc))