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"""
Module for managing Windows Users.
.. important::
If you feel that Salt should be using this module to manage users on a
minion, and it is using a different module (or gives an error similar to
*'user.info' is not available*), see :ref:`here
<module-provider-override>`.
:depends:
- pywintypes
- win32api
- win32con
- win32net
- win32netcon
- win32profile
- win32security
- win32ts
- wmi
.. note::
This currently only works with local user accounts, not domain accounts
"""
import ctypes
import logging
import shlex
import time
from datetime import datetime
import salt.utils.args
import salt.utils.dateutils
import salt.utils.platform
import salt.utils.versions
import salt.utils.win_reg
import salt.utils.winapi
from salt.exceptions import CommandExecutionError
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
try:
import pywintypes
import win32api
import win32con
import win32net
import win32netcon
import win32profile
import win32security
import win32ts
import wmi
HAS_WIN32NET_MODS = True
except ImportError:
HAS_WIN32NET_MODS = False
# Define the module's virtual name
__virtualname__ = "user"
def __virtual__():
"""
Requires Windows and Windows Modules
"""
if not salt.utils.platform.is_windows():
return False, "Module win_useradd: Windows Only"
if not HAS_WIN32NET_MODS:
return False, "Module win_useradd: Missing Win32 Modules"
return __virtualname__
def add(
name,
password=None,
fullname=None,
description=None,
groups=None,
home=None,
homedrive=None,
profile=None,
logonscript=None,
):
"""
Add a user to the minion.
Args:
name (str): The username for the new account
password (str, optional): User's password in plain text.
fullname (str, optional): The user's full name.
description (str, optional): A brief description of the user account.
groups (str, optional): A list of groups to add the user to.
(see chgroups)
home (str, optional): The path to the user's home directory.
homedrive (str, optional): The drive letter to assign to the home
directory. Must be the Drive Letter followed by a colon. ie: U:
profile (str, optional): An explicit path to a profile. Can be a UNC or
a folder on the system. If left blank, windows uses its default
profile directory.
logonscript (str, optional): Path to a login script to run when the user
logs on.
Returns:
bool: ``True`` if successful, otherwise ``False``.
CLI Example:
.. code-block:: bash
salt '*' user.add name password
"""
user_info = {}
if name:
user_info["name"] = str(name)
else:
return False
if password:
user_info["password"] = str(password)
else:
user_info["password"] = None
user_info["priv"] = win32netcon.USER_PRIV_USER
user_info["home_dir"] = home
user_info["comment"] = description
user_info["flags"] = win32netcon.UF_SCRIPT
user_info["script_path"] = logonscript
try:
win32net.NetUserAdd(None, 1, user_info)
except win32net.error as exc:
log.error("Failed to create user %s", name)
log.error("nbr: %s", exc.winerror)
log.error("ctx: %s", exc.funcname)
log.error("msg: %s", exc.strerror)
return exc.strerror
update(name=name, homedrive=homedrive, profile=profile, fullname=fullname)
ret = chgroups(name, groups) if groups else True
return ret
def update(
name,
password=None,
fullname=None,
description=None,
home=None,
homedrive=None,
logonscript=None,
profile=None,
expiration_date=None,
expired=None,
account_disabled=None,
unlock_account=None,
password_never_expires=None,
disallow_change_password=None,
):
# pylint: disable=anomalous-backslash-in-string
"""
Updates settings for the Windows user. Name is the only required parameter.
Settings will only be changed if the parameter is passed a value.
.. versionadded:: 2015.8.0
Args:
name (str): The username to update.
password (str, optional): New user password in plain text.
fullname (str, optional): The user's full name.
description (str, optional): A brief description of the user account.
home (str, optional): The path to the user's home directory.
homedrive (str, optional): The drive letter to assign to the home
directory. Must be the Drive Letter followed by a colon. ie: U:
logonscript (str, optional): The path to the logon script.
profile (str, optional): The path to the user's profile directory.
expiration_date (date, optional): The date and time when the account
expires. Can be a valid date/time string. To set to never expire
pass the string 'Never'.
expired (bool, optional): Pass `True` to expire the account. The user
will be prompted to change their password at the next logon. Pass
`False` to mark the account as 'not expired'. You can't use this to
negate the expiration if the expiration was caused by the account
expiring. You'll have to change the `expiration_date` as well.
account_disabled (bool, optional): True disables the account. False
enables the account.
unlock_account (bool, optional): True unlocks a locked user account.
False is ignored.
password_never_expires (bool, optional): True sets the password to never
expire. False allows the password to expire.
disallow_change_password (bool, optional): True blocks the user from
changing the password. False allows the user to change the password.
Returns:
bool: ``True`` if successful, otherwise ``False``.
CLI Example:
.. code-block:: bash
salt '*' user.update bob password=secret profile=C:\\Users\\Bob
home=\\server\\homeshare\\bob homedrive=U:
"""
# pylint: enable=anomalous-backslash-in-string
# Make sure the user exists
# Return an object containing current settings for the user
try:
user_info = win32net.NetUserGetInfo(None, str(name), 4)
except win32net.error as exc:
log.error("Failed to update user %s", name)
log.error("nbr: %s", exc.winerror)
log.error("ctx: %s", exc.funcname)
log.error("msg: %s", exc.strerror)
return exc.strerror
# Check parameters to update
# Update the user object with new settings
if password:
user_info["password"] = str(password)
else:
user_info["password"] = None
if home:
user_info["home_dir"] = home
if homedrive:
user_info["home_dir_drive"] = homedrive
if description:
user_info["comment"] = description
if logonscript:
user_info["script_path"] = logonscript
if fullname:
user_info["full_name"] = fullname
if profile:
user_info["profile"] = profile
if expiration_date:
if expiration_date == "Never":
user_info["acct_expires"] = win32netcon.TIMEQ_FOREVER
else:
try:
dt_obj = salt.utils.dateutils.date_cast(expiration_date)
except (ValueError, RuntimeError):
return f"Invalid Date/Time Format: {expiration_date}"
user_info["acct_expires"] = int(dt_obj.timestamp())
if expired is not None:
if expired:
user_info["password_expired"] = 1
else:
user_info["password_expired"] = 0
if account_disabled is not None:
if account_disabled:
user_info["flags"] |= win32netcon.UF_ACCOUNTDISABLE
else:
user_info["flags"] &= ~win32netcon.UF_ACCOUNTDISABLE
if unlock_account is not None:
# We can only unlock with this flag... we can't unlock
if unlock_account:
user_info["flags"] &= ~win32netcon.UF_LOCKOUT
if password_never_expires is not None:
if password_never_expires:
user_info["flags"] |= win32netcon.UF_DONT_EXPIRE_PASSWD
else:
user_info["flags"] &= ~win32netcon.UF_DONT_EXPIRE_PASSWD
if disallow_change_password is not None:
if disallow_change_password:
user_info["flags"] |= win32netcon.UF_PASSWD_CANT_CHANGE
else:
user_info["flags"] &= ~win32netcon.UF_PASSWD_CANT_CHANGE
# Apply new settings
try:
win32net.NetUserSetInfo(None, str(name), 4, user_info)
except win32net.error as exc:
log.error("Failed to update user %s", name)
log.error("nbr: %s", exc.winerror)
log.error("ctx: %s", exc.funcname)
log.error("msg: %s", exc.strerror)
return exc.strerror
return True
def delete(name, purge=False, force=False):
"""
Remove a user from the minion
Args:
name (str): The name of the user to delete
purge (bool, optional): Boolean value indicating that the user profile
should also be removed when the user account is deleted. If set to
True the profile will be removed. Default is False.
force (bool, optional): Boolean value indicating that the user account
should be deleted even if the user is logged in. True will log the
user out and delete user.
Returns:
bool: ``True`` if successful, otherwise ``False``.
CLI Example:
.. code-block:: bash
salt '*' user.delete name
"""
# Check if the user exists
try:
user_info = win32net.NetUserGetInfo(None, str(name), 4)
except win32net.error as exc:
log.error("User not found: %s", name)
log.error("nbr: %s", exc.winerror)
log.error("ctx: %s", exc.funcname)
log.error("msg: %s", exc.strerror)
return exc.strerror
# Check if the user is logged in
# Return a list of logged in users
try:
sess_list = win32ts.WTSEnumerateSessions()
except win32ts.error as exc:
log.error("No logged in users found")
log.error("nbr: %s", exc.winerror)
log.error("ctx: %s", exc.funcname)
log.error("msg: %s", exc.strerror)
# Is the user one that is logged in
logged_in = False
session_id = None
for sess in sess_list:
if (
win32ts.WTSQuerySessionInformation(
None, sess["SessionId"], win32ts.WTSUserName
)
== name
):
session_id = sess["SessionId"]
logged_in = True
# If logged in and set to force, log the user out and continue
# If logged in and not set to force, return false
if logged_in:
if force:
try:
win32ts.WTSLogoffSession(
win32ts.WTS_CURRENT_SERVER_HANDLE, session_id, True
)
except win32ts.error as exc:
log.error("User not found: %s", name)
log.error("nbr: %s", exc.winerror)
log.error("ctx: %s", exc.funcname)
log.error("msg: %s", exc.strerror)
return exc.strerror
else:
log.error("User %s is currently logged in.", name)
return False
# Remove the User Profile directory
if purge:
try:
sid = get_user_sid(name)
win32profile.DeleteProfile(sid)
except pywintypes.error as exc:
(number, context, message) = exc.args
if number == 2: # Profile Folder Not Found
pass
else:
log.error("Failed to remove profile for %s", name)
log.error("nbr: %s", exc.winerror)
log.error("ctx: %s", exc.funcname)
log.error("msg: %s", exc.strerror)
return exc.strerror
# And finally remove the user account
try:
win32net.NetUserDel(None, str(name))
except win32net.error as exc:
log.error("Failed to delete user %s", name)
log.error("nbr: %s", exc.winerror)
log.error("ctx: %s", exc.funcname)
log.error("msg: %s", exc.strerror)
return exc.strerror
return True
def getUserSid(username):
"""
Deprecated function. Please use get_user_sid instead
CLI Example:
.. code-block:: bash
salt '*' user.get_user_sid jsnuffy
"""
salt.utils.versions.warn_until(
version=3009,
message="'getUserSid' is being deprecated. Please use get_user_sid instead",
)
return get_user_sid(username)
def get_user_sid(username):
"""
Get the Security ID for the user
Args:
username (str): The username for which to look up the SID
Returns:
str: The user SID
CLI Example:
.. code-block:: bash
salt '*' user.get_user_sid jsnuffy
"""
domain = win32api.GetComputerName()
if username.find("\\") != -1:
domain = username.split("\\")[0]
username = username.split("\\")[-1]
domain = domain.upper()
return win32security.ConvertSidToStringSid(
win32security.LookupAccountName(None, domain + "\\" + username)[0]
)
def setpassword(name, password):
"""
Set the user's password
Args:
name (str): The username for which to set the password
password (str): The new password
Returns:
bool: ``True`` if successful, otherwise ``False``.
CLI Example:
.. code-block:: bash
salt '*' user.setpassword jsnuffy sup3rs3cr3t
"""
return update(name=name, password=password)
def addgroup(name, group):
"""
Add user to a group
Args:
name (str): The username to add to the group
group (str): The name of the group to which to add the user
Returns:
bool: ``True`` if successful, otherwise ``False``.
CLI Example:
.. code-block:: bash
salt '*' user.addgroup jsnuffy 'Power Users'
"""
name = shlex.quote(str(name))
group = shlex.quote(group).lstrip("'").rstrip("'")
user = info(name)
if not user:
return False
if group in user["groups"]:
return True
cmd = f'net localgroup "{group}" {name} /add'
ret = __salt__["cmd.run_all"](cmd, python_shell=True)
return ret["retcode"] == 0
def removegroup(name, group):
"""
Remove user from a group
Args:
name (str): The username to remove from the group
group (str): The name of the group from which to remove the user
Returns:
bool: ``True`` if successful, otherwise ``False``.
CLI Example:
.. code-block:: bash
salt '*' user.removegroup jsnuffy 'Power Users'
"""
name = shlex.quote(str(name))
group = shlex.quote(group).lstrip("'").rstrip("'")
user = info(name)
if not user:
return False
if group not in user["groups"]:
return True
cmd = f'net localgroup "{group}" {name} /delete'
ret = __salt__["cmd.run_all"](cmd, python_shell=True)
return ret["retcode"] == 0
def chhome(name, home, **kwargs):
"""
Change the home directory of the user, pass True for persist to move files
to the new home directory if the old home directory exist.
Args:
name (str): The name of the user whose home directory you wish to change
home (str): The new location of the home directory
Returns:
bool: ``True`` if successful, otherwise ``False``.
CLI Example:
.. code-block:: bash
salt '*' user.chhome foo \\\\fileserver\\home\\foo True
"""
kwargs = salt.utils.args.clean_kwargs(**kwargs)
persist = kwargs.pop("persist", False)
if kwargs:
salt.utils.args.invalid_kwargs(kwargs)
if persist:
log.info("Ignoring unsupported 'persist' argument to user.chhome")
pre_info = info(name)
if not pre_info:
return False
if home == pre_info["home"]:
return True
if not update(name=name, home=home):
return False
post_info = info(name)
if post_info["home"] != pre_info["home"]:
return post_info["home"] == home
return False
def chprofile(name, profile):
"""
Change the profile directory of the user
Args:
name (str): The name of the user whose profile you wish to change
profile (str): The new location of the profile
Returns:
bool: ``True`` if successful, otherwise ``False``.
CLI Example:
.. code-block:: bash
salt '*' user.chprofile foo \\\\fileserver\\profiles\\foo
"""
return update(name=name, profile=profile)
def chfullname(name, fullname):
"""
Change the full name of the user
Args:
name (str): The username for which to change the full name
fullname (str): The new value for the full name
Returns:
bool: ``True`` if successful, otherwise ``False``.
CLI Example:
.. code-block:: bash
salt '*' user.chfullname user 'First Last'
"""
return update(name=name, fullname=fullname)
def chgroups(name, groups, append=True):
"""
Change the groups this user belongs to, add append=False to make the user a
member of only the specified groups
Args:
name (str): The username for which to change groups
groups (str, list): A single group or a list of groups to assign to the
user. For multiple groups this can be a comma delimited string or a
list.
append (bool, optional): True adds the passed groups to the user's
current groups. False sets the user's groups to the passed groups
only. Default is True.
Returns:
bool: ``True`` if successful, otherwise ``False``.
CLI Example:
.. code-block:: bash
salt '*' user.chgroups jsnuffy Administrators,Users True
"""
if isinstance(groups, str):
groups = groups.split(",")
groups = [x.strip(" *") for x in groups]
current_groups = set(list_groups(name))
expected_groups = set()
name = shlex.quote(str(name))
if not append:
# We don't want to append to the list, remove groups not in the new set
# of groups
for group in current_groups:
group = shlex.quote(group).lstrip("'").rstrip("'")
if group not in groups:
cmd = f'net localgroup "{group}" {name} /delete'
__salt__["cmd.run_all"](cmd, python_shell=True)
else:
expected_groups.add(group)
else:
# We're appending to the current list of groups. If they already match
# then bail
if current_groups == set(groups):
return True
else:
expected_groups = current_groups.union(set(groups))
for group in groups:
if group in current_groups:
continue
group = shlex.quote(group).lstrip("'").rstrip("'")
cmd = f'net localgroup "{group}" {name} /add'
out = __salt__["cmd.run_all"](cmd, python_shell=True)
if out["retcode"] != 0:
log.error(out["stdout"])
return False
new_groups = set(list_groups(name))
return len(expected_groups - new_groups) == 0
def info(name):
"""
Return user information
Args:
name (str): Username for which to display information
Returns:
dict: A dictionary containing user information
- fullname
- username
- SID
- passwd (will always return None)
- comment (same as description, left here for backwards compatibility)
- description
- active
- logonscript
- profile
- home
- homedrive
- groups
- password_changed
- successful_logon_attempts
- failed_logon_attempts
- last_logon
- account_disabled
- account_locked
- expiration_date
- password_never_expires
- disallow_change_password
- gid
CLI Example:
.. code-block:: bash
salt '*' user.info jsnuffy
"""
ret = {}
items = {}
try:
items = win32net.NetUserGetInfo(None, str(name), 4)
except win32net.error:
pass
if items:
groups = []
try:
groups = win32net.NetUserGetLocalGroups(None, str(name))
except win32net.error:
pass
ret["fullname"] = items["full_name"]
ret["name"] = items["name"]
ret["uid"] = win32security.ConvertSidToStringSid(items["user_sid"])
ret["passwd"] = items["password"]
ret["comment"] = items["comment"]
ret["description"] = items["comment"]
ret["active"] = not bool(items["flags"] & win32netcon.UF_ACCOUNTDISABLE)
ret["logonscript"] = items["script_path"]
ret["profile"] = items["profile"]
ret["failed_logon_attempts"] = items["bad_pw_count"]
ret["successful_logon_attempts"] = items["num_logons"]
secs = time.mktime(datetime.now().timetuple()) - items["password_age"]
ret["password_changed"] = datetime.fromtimestamp(secs).strftime(
"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
)
if items["last_logon"] == 0:
ret["last_logon"] = "Never"
else:
ret["last_logon"] = datetime.fromtimestamp(items["last_logon"]).strftime(
"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
)
# If the value is -1 or 0xFFFFFFFF, it is set to never expire
if items["acct_expires"] == ctypes.c_ulong(win32netcon.TIMEQ_FOREVER).value:
ret["expiration_date"] = "Never"
else:
ret["expiration_date"] = datetime.fromtimestamp(
items["acct_expires"]
).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
ret["expired"] = items["password_expired"] == 1
if not ret["profile"]:
ret["profile"] = _get_userprofile_from_registry(name, ret["uid"])
ret["home"] = items["home_dir"]
ret["homedrive"] = items["home_dir_drive"]
if not ret["home"]:
ret["home"] = ret["profile"]
ret["groups"] = groups
if items["flags"] & win32netcon.UF_DONT_EXPIRE_PASSWD == 0:
ret["password_never_expires"] = False
else:
ret["password_never_expires"] = True
if items["flags"] & win32netcon.UF_ACCOUNTDISABLE == 0:
ret["account_disabled"] = False
else:
ret["account_disabled"] = True
if items["flags"] & win32netcon.UF_LOCKOUT == 0:
ret["account_locked"] = False
else:
ret["account_locked"] = True
if items["flags"] & win32netcon.UF_PASSWD_CANT_CHANGE == 0:
ret["disallow_change_password"] = False
else:
ret["disallow_change_password"] = True
ret["gid"] = ""
return ret
else:
return {}
def _get_userprofile_from_registry(user, sid):
"""
In case net user doesn't return the userprofile we can get it from the
registry
Args:
user (str): The username, used in debug message
sid (str): The sid to lookup in the registry
Returns:
str: Profile directory
"""
profile_dir = salt.utils.win_reg.read_value(
hive="HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE",
key=f"SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Windows NT\\CurrentVersion\\ProfileList\\{sid}",
vname="ProfileImagePath",
)["vdata"]
log.debug('user %s with sid=%s profile is located at "%s"', user, sid, profile_dir)
return profile_dir
def list_groups(name):
"""
Return a list of groups the named user belongs to
Args:
name (str): The username for which to list groups
Returns:
list: A list of groups to which the user belongs
CLI Example:
.. code-block:: bash
salt '*' user.list_groups foo
"""
ugrp = set()
try:
user = info(name)["groups"]
except KeyError:
return False
for group in user:
ugrp.add(group.strip(" *"))
return sorted(list(ugrp))
def getent(refresh=False):
"""
Return the list of all info for all users
Args:
refresh (bool, optional): Refresh the cached user information. Useful
when used from within a state function. Default is False.
Returns:
dict: A dictionary containing information about all users on the system
CLI Example:
.. code-block:: bash
salt '*' user.getent
"""
if "user.getent" in __context__ and not refresh:
return __context__["user.getent"]
ret = []
for user in list_users():
stuff = {}
user_info = info(user)
stuff["gid"] = ""
stuff["groups"] = user_info["groups"]
stuff["home"] = user_info["home"]
stuff["name"] = user_info["name"]
stuff["passwd"] = user_info["passwd"]
stuff["shell"] = ""
stuff["uid"] = user_info["uid"]
ret.append(stuff)
__context__["user.getent"] = ret
return ret
def list_users():
"""
Return a list of all users on Windows
Returns:
list: A list of all users on the system
CLI Example:
.. code-block:: bash
salt '*' user.list_users
"""
res = 0
user_list = []
dowhile = True
try:
while res or dowhile:
dowhile = False
(users, _, res) = win32net.NetUserEnum(
None,
0,
win32netcon.FILTER_NORMAL_ACCOUNT,
res,
win32netcon.MAX_PREFERRED_LENGTH,
)
for user in users:
user_list.append(user["name"])
return user_list
except win32net.error:
pass
def rename(name, new_name):
"""
Change the username for a named user
Args:
name (str): The username to change
new_name (str): The new name for the current user
Returns:
bool: ``True`` if successful, otherwise ``False``.
CLI Example:
.. code-block:: bash
salt '*' user.rename jsnuffy jshmoe
"""
# Load information for the current name
current_info = info(name)
if not current_info:
raise CommandExecutionError(f"User '{name}' does not exist")
# Look for an existing user with the new name
new_info = info(new_name)
if new_info:
raise CommandExecutionError(f"User '{new_name}' already exists")
# Rename the user account
# Connect to WMI
with salt.utils.winapi.Com():
c = wmi.WMI(find_classes=0)
# Get the user object
try:
user = c.Win32_UserAccount(Name=name)[0]
except IndexError:
raise CommandExecutionError(f"User '{name}' does not exist")
# Rename the user
result = user.Rename(new_name)[0]
# Check the result (0 means success)
if not result == 0:
# Define Error Dict
error_dict = {
0: "Success",
1: "Instance not found",
2: "Instance required",
3: "Invalid parameter",
4: "User not found",
5: "Domain not found",
6: (
"Operation is allowed only on the primary domain controller of the"
" domain"
),
7: "Operation is not allowed on the last administrative account",
8: (
"Operation is not allowed on specified special groups: user, admin,"
" local, or guest"
),
9: "Other API error",
10: "Internal error",
}
raise CommandExecutionError(
"There was an error renaming '{}' to '{}'. Error: {}".format(
name, new_name, error_dict[result]
)
)
return info(new_name).get("name") == new_name
def current(sam=False):
"""
Get the username that salt-minion is running under. If salt-minion is
running as a service it should return the Local System account. If salt is
running from a command prompt it should return the username that started the
command prompt.
.. versionadded:: 2015.5.6
Args:
sam (bool, optional): False returns just the username without any domain
notation. True returns the domain with the username in the SAM
format. Ie: ``domain\\username``
Returns:
str: Returns username
CLI Example:
.. code-block:: bash
salt '*' user.current
"""
try:
if sam:
user_name = win32api.GetUserNameEx(win32con.NameSamCompatible)
else:
user_name = win32api.GetUserName()
except pywintypes.error as exc:
log.error("Failed to get current user")
log.error("nbr: %s", exc.winerror)
log.error("ctx: %s", exc.funcname)
log.error("msg: %s", exc.strerror)
raise CommandExecutionError("Failed to get current user", info=exc)
if not user_name:
raise CommandExecutionError("Failed to get current user")
return user_name