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# = delegate -- Support for the Delegation Pattern
#
# Documentation by James Edward Gray II and Gavin Sinclair
##
# This library provides three different ways to delegate method calls to an
# object. The easiest to use is SimpleDelegator. Pass an object to the
# constructor and all methods supported by the object will be delegated. This
# object can be changed later.
#
# Going a step further, the top level DelegateClass method allows you to easily
# setup delegation through class inheritance. This is considerably more
# flexible and thus probably the most common use for this library.
#
# Finally, if you need full control over the delegation scheme, you can inherit
# from the abstract class Delegator and customize as needed. (If you find
# yourself needing this control, have a look at Forwardable which is also in
# the standard library. It may suit your needs better.)
#
# SimpleDelegator's implementation serves as a nice example if the use of
# Delegator:
#
# class SimpleDelegator < Delegator
# def initialize(obj)
# super # pass obj to Delegator constructor, required
# @delegate_sd_obj = obj # store obj for future use
# end
#
# def __getobj__
# @delegate_sd_obj # return object we are delegating to, required
# end
#
# def __setobj__(obj)
# @delegate_sd_obj = obj # change delegation object,
# # a feature we're providing
# end
# end
#
# == Notes
#
# Be advised, RDoc will not detect delegated methods.
#
class Delegator < BasicObject
kernel = ::Kernel.dup
kernel.class_eval do
[:to_s,:inspect,:=~,:!~,:===,:<=>,:eql?,:hash].each do |m|
undef_method m
end
end
include kernel
# :stopdoc:
def self.const_missing(n)
::Object.const_get(n)
end
# :startdoc:
#
# Pass in the _obj_ to delegate method calls to. All methods supported by
# _obj_ will be delegated to.
#
def initialize(obj)
__setobj__(obj)
end
#
# Handles the magic of delegation through \_\_getobj\_\_.
#
def method_missing(m, *args, &block)
target = self.__getobj__
begin
target.respond_to?(m) ? target.__send__(m, *args, &block) : super(m, *args, &block)
ensure
$@.delete_if {|t| %r"\A#{Regexp.quote(__FILE__)}:#{__LINE__-2}:"o =~ t} if $@
end
end
#
# Checks for a method provided by this the delegate object by forwarding the
# call through \_\_getobj\_\_.
#
def respond_to_missing?(m, include_private)
r = self.__getobj__.respond_to?(m, include_private)
if r && include_private && !self.__getobj__.respond_to?(m, false)
warn "#{caller(3)[0]}: delegator does not forward private method \##{m}"
return false
end
r
end
#
# Returns the methods available to this delegate object as the union
# of this object's and \_\_getobj\_\_ methods.
#
def methods
__getobj__.methods | super
end
#
# Returns the methods available to this delegate object as the union
# of this object's and \_\_getobj\_\_ public methods.
#
def public_methods(all=true)
__getobj__.public_methods(all) | super
end
#
# Returns the methods available to this delegate object as the union
# of this object's and \_\_getobj\_\_ protected methods.
#
def protected_methods(all=true)
__getobj__.protected_methods(all) | super
end
# Note: no need to specialize private_methods, since they are not forwarded
#
# Returns true if two objects are considered of equal value.
#
def ==(obj)
return true if obj.equal?(self)
self.__getobj__ == obj
end
#
# Returns true if two objects are not considered of equal value.
#
def !=(obj)
return false if obj.equal?(self)
__getobj__ != obj
end
def !
!__getobj__
end
#
# This method must be overridden by subclasses and should return the object
# method calls are being delegated to.
#
def __getobj__
raise NotImplementedError, "need to define `__getobj__'"
end
#
# This method must be overridden by subclasses and change the object delegate
# to _obj_.
#
def __setobj__(obj)
raise NotImplementedError, "need to define `__setobj__'"
end
#
# Serialization support for the object returned by \_\_getobj\_\_.
#
def marshal_dump
ivars = instance_variables.reject {|var| /\A@delegate_/ =~ var}
[
:__v2__,
ivars, ivars.map{|var| instance_variable_get(var)},
__getobj__
]
end
#
# Reinitializes delegation from a serialized object.
#
def marshal_load(data)
version, vars, values, obj = data
if version == :__v2__
vars.each_with_index{|var, i| instance_variable_set(var, values[i])}
__setobj__(obj)
else
__setobj__(data)
end
end
def initialize_clone(obj) # :nodoc:
self.__setobj__(obj.__getobj__.clone)
end
def initialize_dup(obj) # :nodoc:
self.__setobj__(obj.__getobj__.dup)
end
private :initialize_clone, :initialize_dup
##
# :method: trust
# Trust both the object returned by \_\_getobj\_\_ and self.
#
##
# :method: untrust
# Untrust both the object returned by \_\_getobj\_\_ and self.
#
##
# :method: taint
# Taint both the object returned by \_\_getobj\_\_ and self.
#
##
# :method: untaint
# Untaint both the object returned by \_\_getobj\_\_ and self.
#
##
# :method: freeze
# Freeze both the object returned by \_\_getobj\_\_ and self.
#
[:trust, :untrust, :taint, :untaint, :freeze].each do |method|
define_method method do
__getobj__.send(method)
super()
end
end
@delegator_api = self.public_instance_methods
def self.public_api # :nodoc:
@delegator_api
end
end
##
# A concrete implementation of Delegator, this class provides the means to
# delegate all supported method calls to the object passed into the constructor
# and even to change the object being delegated to at a later time with
# #__setobj__.
#
# Here's a simple example that takes advantage of the fact that
# SimpleDelegator's delegation object can be changed at any time.
#
# class Stats
# def initialize
# @source = SimpleDelegator.new([])
# end
#
# def stats(records)
# @source.__setobj__(records)
#
# "Elements: #{@source.size}\n" +
# " Non-Nil: #{@source.compact.size}\n" +
# " Unique: #{@source.uniq.size}\n"
# end
# end
#
# s = Stats.new
# puts s.stats(%w{James Edward Gray II})
# puts
# puts s.stats([1, 2, 3, nil, 4, 5, 1, 2])
#
# Prints:
#
# Elements: 4
# Non-Nil: 4
# Unique: 4
#
# Elements: 8
# Non-Nil: 7
# Unique: 6
#
class SimpleDelegator<Delegator
# Returns the current object method calls are being delegated to.
def __getobj__
@delegate_sd_obj
end
#
# Changes the delegate object to _obj_.
#
# It's important to note that this does *not* cause SimpleDelegator's methods
# to change. Because of this, you probably only want to change delegation
# to objects of the same type as the original delegate.
#
# Here's an example of changing the delegation object.
#
# names = SimpleDelegator.new(%w{James Edward Gray II})
# puts names[1] # => Edward
# names.__setobj__(%w{Gavin Sinclair})
# puts names[1] # => Sinclair
#
def __setobj__(obj)
raise ArgumentError, "cannot delegate to self" if self.equal?(obj)
@delegate_sd_obj = obj
end
end
# :stopdoc:
def Delegator.delegating_block(mid)
lambda do |*args, &block|
target = self.__getobj__
begin
target.__send__(mid, *args, &block)
ensure
$@.delete_if {|t| /\A#{Regexp.quote(__FILE__)}:#{__LINE__-2}:/o =~ t} if $@
end
end
end
# :startdoc:
#
# The primary interface to this library. Use to setup delegation when defining
# your class.
#
# class MyClass < DelegateClass(ClassToDelegateTo) # Step 1
# def initialize
# super(obj_of_ClassToDelegateTo) # Step 2
# end
# end
#
# Here's a sample of use from Tempfile which is really a File object with a
# few special rules about storage location and when the File should be
# deleted. That makes for an almost textbook perfect example of how to use
# delegation.
#
# class Tempfile < DelegateClass(File)
# # constant and class member data initialization...
#
# def initialize(basename, tmpdir=Dir::tmpdir)
# # build up file path/name in var tmpname...
#
# @tmpfile = File.open(tmpname, File::RDWR|File::CREAT|File::EXCL, 0600)
#
# # ...
#
# super(@tmpfile)
#
# # below this point, all methods of File are supported...
# end
#
# # ...
# end
#
def DelegateClass(superclass)
klass = Class.new(Delegator)
methods = superclass.instance_methods
methods -= ::Delegator.public_api
methods -= [:to_s,:inspect,:=~,:!~,:===]
klass.module_eval do
def __getobj__ # :nodoc:
@delegate_dc_obj
end
def __setobj__(obj) # :nodoc:
raise ArgumentError, "cannot delegate to self" if self.equal?(obj)
@delegate_dc_obj = obj
end
methods.each do |method|
define_method(method, Delegator.delegating_block(method))
end
end
klass.define_singleton_method :public_instance_methods do |all=true|
super(all) - superclass.protected_instance_methods
end
klass.define_singleton_method :protected_instance_methods do |all=true|
super(all) | superclass.protected_instance_methods
end
return klass
end
# :enddoc:
if __FILE__ == $0
class ExtArray<DelegateClass(Array)
def initialize()
super([])
end
end
ary = ExtArray.new
p ary.class
ary.push 25
p ary
ary.push 42
ary.each {|x| p x}
foo = Object.new
def foo.test
25
end
def foo.iter
yield self
end
def foo.error
raise 'this is OK'
end
foo2 = SimpleDelegator.new(foo)
p foo2
foo2.instance_eval{print "foo\n"}
p foo.test == foo2.test # => true
p foo2.iter{[55,true]} # => true
foo2.error # raise error!
end