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import unittest
from test.test_support import verbose, run_unittest, start_threads
import sys
import time
import gc
import weakref
try:
import threading
except ImportError:
threading = None
### Support code
###############################################################################
# Bug 1055820 has several tests of longstanding bugs involving weakrefs and
# cyclic gc.
# An instance of C1055820 has a self-loop, so becomes cyclic trash when
# unreachable.
class C1055820(object):
def __init__(self, i):
self.i = i
self.loop = self
class GC_Detector(object):
# Create an instance I. Then gc hasn't happened again so long as
# I.gc_happened is false.
def __init__(self):
self.gc_happened = False
def it_happened(ignored):
self.gc_happened = True
# Create a piece of cyclic trash that triggers it_happened when
# gc collects it.
self.wr = weakref.ref(C1055820(666), it_happened)
### Tests
###############################################################################
class GCTests(unittest.TestCase):
def test_list(self):
l = []
l.append(l)
gc.collect()
del l
self.assertEqual(gc.collect(), 1)
def test_dict(self):
d = {}
d[1] = d
gc.collect()
del d
self.assertEqual(gc.collect(), 1)
def test_tuple(self):
# since tuples are immutable we close the loop with a list
l = []
t = (l,)
l.append(t)
gc.collect()
del t
del l
self.assertEqual(gc.collect(), 2)
def test_class(self):
class A:
pass
A.a = A
gc.collect()
del A
self.assertNotEqual(gc.collect(), 0)
def test_newstyleclass(self):
class A(object):
pass
gc.collect()
del A
self.assertNotEqual(gc.collect(), 0)
def test_instance(self):
class A:
pass
a = A()
a.a = a
gc.collect()
del a
self.assertNotEqual(gc.collect(), 0)
def test_newinstance(self):
class A(object):
pass
a = A()
a.a = a
gc.collect()
del a
self.assertNotEqual(gc.collect(), 0)
class B(list):
pass
class C(B, A):
pass
a = C()
a.a = a
gc.collect()
del a
self.assertNotEqual(gc.collect(), 0)
del B, C
self.assertNotEqual(gc.collect(), 0)
A.a = A()
del A
self.assertNotEqual(gc.collect(), 0)
self.assertEqual(gc.collect(), 0)
def test_method(self):
# Tricky: self.__init__ is a bound method, it references the instance.
class A:
def __init__(self):
self.init = self.__init__
a = A()
gc.collect()
del a
self.assertNotEqual(gc.collect(), 0)
def test_finalizer(self):
# A() is uncollectable if it is part of a cycle, make sure it shows up
# in gc.garbage.
class A:
def __del__(self): pass
class B:
pass
a = A()
a.a = a
id_a = id(a)
b = B()
b.b = b
gc.collect()
del a
del b
self.assertNotEqual(gc.collect(), 0)
for obj in gc.garbage:
if id(obj) == id_a:
del obj.a
break
else:
self.fail("didn't find obj in garbage (finalizer)")
gc.garbage.remove(obj)
def test_finalizer_newclass(self):
# A() is uncollectable if it is part of a cycle, make sure it shows up
# in gc.garbage.
class A(object):
def __del__(self): pass
class B(object):
pass
a = A()
a.a = a
id_a = id(a)
b = B()
b.b = b
gc.collect()
del a
del b
self.assertNotEqual(gc.collect(), 0)
for obj in gc.garbage:
if id(obj) == id_a:
del obj.a
break
else:
self.fail("didn't find obj in garbage (finalizer)")
gc.garbage.remove(obj)
def test_function(self):
# Tricky: f -> d -> f, code should call d.clear() after the exec to
# break the cycle.
d = {}
exec("def f(): pass\n") in d
gc.collect()
del d
self.assertEqual(gc.collect(), 2)
def test_frame(self):
def f():
frame = sys._getframe()
gc.collect()
f()
self.assertEqual(gc.collect(), 1)
def test_saveall(self):
# Verify that cyclic garbage like lists show up in gc.garbage if the
# SAVEALL option is enabled.
# First make sure we don't save away other stuff that just happens to
# be waiting for collection.
gc.collect()
# if this fails, someone else created immortal trash
self.assertEqual(gc.garbage, [])
L = []
L.append(L)
id_L = id(L)
debug = gc.get_debug()
gc.set_debug(debug | gc.DEBUG_SAVEALL)
del L
gc.collect()
gc.set_debug(debug)
self.assertEqual(len(gc.garbage), 1)
obj = gc.garbage.pop()
self.assertEqual(id(obj), id_L)
def test_del(self):
# __del__ methods can trigger collection, make this to happen
thresholds = gc.get_threshold()
gc.enable()
gc.set_threshold(1)
class A:
def __del__(self):
dir(self)
a = A()
del a
gc.disable()
gc.set_threshold(*thresholds)
def test_del_newclass(self):
# __del__ methods can trigger collection, make this to happen
thresholds = gc.get_threshold()
gc.enable()
gc.set_threshold(1)
class A(object):
def __del__(self):
dir(self)
a = A()
del a
gc.disable()
gc.set_threshold(*thresholds)
# The following two tests are fragile:
# They precisely count the number of allocations,
# which is highly implementation-dependent.
# For example:
# - disposed tuples are not freed, but reused
# - the call to assertEqual somehow avoids building its args tuple
def test_get_count(self):
# Avoid future allocation of method object
assertEqual = self._baseAssertEqual
gc.collect()
assertEqual(gc.get_count(), (0, 0, 0))
a = dict()
# since gc.collect(), we created two objects:
# the dict, and the tuple returned by get_count()
assertEqual(gc.get_count(), (2, 0, 0))
def test_collect_generations(self):
# Avoid future allocation of method object
assertEqual = self.assertEqual
gc.collect()
a = dict()
gc.collect(0)
assertEqual(gc.get_count(), (0, 1, 0))
gc.collect(1)
assertEqual(gc.get_count(), (0, 0, 1))
gc.collect(2)
assertEqual(gc.get_count(), (0, 0, 0))
def test_trashcan(self):
class Ouch:
n = 0
def __del__(self):
Ouch.n = Ouch.n + 1
if Ouch.n % 17 == 0:
gc.collect()
# "trashcan" is a hack to prevent stack overflow when deallocating
# very deeply nested tuples etc. It works in part by abusing the
# type pointer and refcount fields, and that can yield horrible
# problems when gc tries to traverse the structures.
# If this test fails (as it does in 2.0, 2.1 and 2.2), it will
# most likely die via segfault.
# Note: In 2.3 the possibility for compiling without cyclic gc was
# removed, and that in turn allows the trashcan mechanism to work
# via much simpler means (e.g., it never abuses the type pointer or
# refcount fields anymore). Since it's much less likely to cause a
# problem now, the various constants in this expensive (we force a lot
# of full collections) test are cut back from the 2.2 version.
gc.enable()
N = 150
for count in range(2):
t = []
for i in range(N):
t = [t, Ouch()]
u = []
for i in range(N):
u = [u, Ouch()]
v = {}
for i in range(N):
v = {1: v, 2: Ouch()}
gc.disable()
@unittest.skipUnless(threading, "test meaningless on builds without threads")
def test_trashcan_threads(self):
# Issue #13992: trashcan mechanism should be thread-safe
NESTING = 60
N_THREADS = 2
def sleeper_gen():
"""A generator that releases the GIL when closed or dealloc'ed."""
try:
yield
finally:
time.sleep(0.000001)
class C(list):
# Appending to a list is atomic, which avoids the use of a lock.
inits = []
dels = []
def __init__(self, alist):
self[:] = alist
C.inits.append(None)
def __del__(self):
# This __del__ is called by subtype_dealloc().
C.dels.append(None)
# `g` will release the GIL when garbage-collected. This
# helps assert subtype_dealloc's behaviour when threads
# switch in the middle of it.
g = sleeper_gen()
next(g)
# Now that __del__ is finished, subtype_dealloc will proceed
# to call list_dealloc, which also uses the trashcan mechanism.
def make_nested():
"""Create a sufficiently nested container object so that the
trashcan mechanism is invoked when deallocating it."""
x = C([])
for i in range(NESTING):
x = [C([x])]
del x
def run_thread():
"""Exercise make_nested() in a loop."""
while not exit:
make_nested()
old_checkinterval = sys.getcheckinterval()
sys.setcheckinterval(3)
try:
exit = []
threads = []
for i in range(N_THREADS):
t = threading.Thread(target=run_thread)
threads.append(t)
with start_threads(threads, lambda: exit.append(1)):
time.sleep(1.0)
finally:
sys.setcheckinterval(old_checkinterval)
gc.collect()
self.assertEqual(len(C.inits), len(C.dels))
def test_boom(self):
class Boom:
def __getattr__(self, someattribute):
del self.attr
raise AttributeError
a = Boom()
b = Boom()
a.attr = b
b.attr = a
gc.collect()
garbagelen = len(gc.garbage)
del a, b
# a<->b are in a trash cycle now. Collection will invoke
# Boom.__getattr__ (to see whether a and b have __del__ methods), and
# __getattr__ deletes the internal "attr" attributes as a side effect.
# That causes the trash cycle to get reclaimed via refcounts falling to
# 0, thus mutating the trash graph as a side effect of merely asking
# whether __del__ exists. This used to (before 2.3b1) crash Python.
# Now __getattr__ isn't called.
self.assertEqual(gc.collect(), 4)
self.assertEqual(len(gc.garbage), garbagelen)
def test_boom2(self):
class Boom2:
def __init__(self):
self.x = 0
def __getattr__(self, someattribute):
self.x += 1
if self.x > 1:
del self.attr
raise AttributeError
a = Boom2()
b = Boom2()
a.attr = b
b.attr = a
gc.collect()
garbagelen = len(gc.garbage)
del a, b
# Much like test_boom(), except that __getattr__ doesn't break the
# cycle until the second time gc checks for __del__. As of 2.3b1,
# there isn't a second time, so this simply cleans up the trash cycle.
# We expect a, b, a.__dict__ and b.__dict__ (4 objects) to get
# reclaimed this way.
self.assertEqual(gc.collect(), 4)
self.assertEqual(len(gc.garbage), garbagelen)
def test_boom_new(self):
# boom__new and boom2_new are exactly like boom and boom2, except use
# new-style classes.
class Boom_New(object):
def __getattr__(self, someattribute):
del self.attr
raise AttributeError
a = Boom_New()
b = Boom_New()
a.attr = b
b.attr = a
gc.collect()
garbagelen = len(gc.garbage)
del a, b
self.assertEqual(gc.collect(), 4)
self.assertEqual(len(gc.garbage), garbagelen)
def test_boom2_new(self):
class Boom2_New(object):
def __init__(self):
self.x = 0
def __getattr__(self, someattribute):
self.x += 1
if self.x > 1:
del self.attr
raise AttributeError
a = Boom2_New()
b = Boom2_New()
a.attr = b
b.attr = a
gc.collect()
garbagelen = len(gc.garbage)
del a, b
self.assertEqual(gc.collect(), 4)
self.assertEqual(len(gc.garbage), garbagelen)
def test_get_referents(self):
alist = [1, 3, 5]
got = gc.get_referents(alist)
got.sort()
self.assertEqual(got, alist)
atuple = tuple(alist)
got = gc.get_referents(atuple)
got.sort()
self.assertEqual(got, alist)
adict = {1: 3, 5: 7}
expected = [1, 3, 5, 7]
got = gc.get_referents(adict)
got.sort()
self.assertEqual(got, expected)
got = gc.get_referents([1, 2], {3: 4}, (0, 0, 0))
got.sort()
self.assertEqual(got, [0, 0] + range(5))
self.assertEqual(gc.get_referents(1, 'a', 4j), [])
def test_is_tracked(self):
# Atomic built-in types are not tracked, user-defined objects and
# mutable containers are.
# NOTE: types with special optimizations (e.g. tuple) have tests
# in their own test files instead.
self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(None))
self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(1))
self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(1.0))
self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(1.0 + 5.0j))
self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(True))
self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(False))
self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked("a"))
self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(u"a"))
self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(bytearray("a")))
self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(type))
self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(int))
self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(object))
self.assertFalse(gc.is_tracked(object()))
class OldStyle:
pass
class NewStyle(object):
pass
self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(gc))
self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(OldStyle))
self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(OldStyle()))
self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(NewStyle))
self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(NewStyle()))
self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked([]))
self.assertTrue(gc.is_tracked(set()))
def test_bug1055820b(self):
# Corresponds to temp2b.py in the bug report.
ouch = []
def callback(ignored):
ouch[:] = [wr() for wr in WRs]
Cs = [C1055820(i) for i in range(2)]
WRs = [weakref.ref(c, callback) for c in Cs]
c = None
gc.collect()
self.assertEqual(len(ouch), 0)
# Make the two instances trash, and collect again. The bug was that
# the callback materialized a strong reference to an instance, but gc
# cleared the instance's dict anyway.
Cs = None
gc.collect()
self.assertEqual(len(ouch), 2) # else the callbacks didn't run
for x in ouch:
# If the callback resurrected one of these guys, the instance
# would be damaged, with an empty __dict__.
self.assertEqual(x, None)
class GCTogglingTests(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
gc.enable()
def tearDown(self):
gc.disable()
def test_bug1055820c(self):
# Corresponds to temp2c.py in the bug report. This is pretty
# elaborate.
c0 = C1055820(0)
# Move c0 into generation 2.
gc.collect()
c1 = C1055820(1)
c1.keep_c0_alive = c0
del c0.loop # now only c1 keeps c0 alive
c2 = C1055820(2)
c2wr = weakref.ref(c2) # no callback!
ouch = []
def callback(ignored):
ouch[:] = [c2wr()]
# The callback gets associated with a wr on an object in generation 2.
c0wr = weakref.ref(c0, callback)
c0 = c1 = c2 = None
# What we've set up: c0, c1, and c2 are all trash now. c0 is in
# generation 2. The only thing keeping it alive is that c1 points to
# it. c1 and c2 are in generation 0, and are in self-loops. There's a
# global weakref to c2 (c2wr), but that weakref has no callback.
# There's also a global weakref to c0 (c0wr), and that does have a
# callback, and that callback references c2 via c2wr().
#
# c0 has a wr with callback, which references c2wr
# ^
# |
# | Generation 2 above dots
#. . . . . . . .|. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
# | Generation 0 below dots
# |
# |
# ^->c1 ^->c2 has a wr but no callback
# | | | |
# <--v <--v
#
# So this is the nightmare: when generation 0 gets collected, we see
# that c2 has a callback-free weakref, and c1 doesn't even have a
# weakref. Collecting generation 0 doesn't see c0 at all, and c0 is
# the only object that has a weakref with a callback. gc clears c1
# and c2. Clearing c1 has the side effect of dropping the refcount on
# c0 to 0, so c0 goes away (despite that it's in an older generation)
# and c0's wr callback triggers. That in turn materializes a reference
# to c2 via c2wr(), but c2 gets cleared anyway by gc.
# We want to let gc happen "naturally", to preserve the distinction
# between generations.
junk = []
i = 0
detector = GC_Detector()
while not detector.gc_happened:
i += 1
if i > 10000:
self.fail("gc didn't happen after 10000 iterations")
self.assertEqual(len(ouch), 0)
junk.append([]) # this will eventually trigger gc
self.assertEqual(len(ouch), 1) # else the callback wasn't invoked
for x in ouch:
# If the callback resurrected c2, the instance would be damaged,
# with an empty __dict__.
self.assertEqual(x, None)
def test_bug1055820d(self):
# Corresponds to temp2d.py in the bug report. This is very much like
# test_bug1055820c, but uses a __del__ method instead of a weakref
# callback to sneak in a resurrection of cyclic trash.
ouch = []
class D(C1055820):
def __del__(self):
ouch[:] = [c2wr()]
d0 = D(0)
# Move all the above into generation 2.
gc.collect()
c1 = C1055820(1)
c1.keep_d0_alive = d0
del d0.loop # now only c1 keeps d0 alive
c2 = C1055820(2)
c2wr = weakref.ref(c2) # no callback!
d0 = c1 = c2 = None
# What we've set up: d0, c1, and c2 are all trash now. d0 is in
# generation 2. The only thing keeping it alive is that c1 points to
# it. c1 and c2 are in generation 0, and are in self-loops. There's
# a global weakref to c2 (c2wr), but that weakref has no callback.
# There are no other weakrefs.
#
# d0 has a __del__ method that references c2wr
# ^
# |
# | Generation 2 above dots
#. . . . . . . .|. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
# | Generation 0 below dots
# |
# |
# ^->c1 ^->c2 has a wr but no callback
# | | | |
# <--v <--v
#
# So this is the nightmare: when generation 0 gets collected, we see
# that c2 has a callback-free weakref, and c1 doesn't even have a
# weakref. Collecting generation 0 doesn't see d0 at all. gc clears
# c1 and c2. Clearing c1 has the side effect of dropping the refcount
# on d0 to 0, so d0 goes away (despite that it's in an older
# generation) and d0's __del__ triggers. That in turn materializes
# a reference to c2 via c2wr(), but c2 gets cleared anyway by gc.
# We want to let gc happen "naturally", to preserve the distinction
# between generations.
detector = GC_Detector()
junk = []
i = 0
while not detector.gc_happened:
i += 1
if i > 10000:
self.fail("gc didn't happen after 10000 iterations")
self.assertEqual(len(ouch), 0)
junk.append([]) # this will eventually trigger gc
self.assertEqual(len(ouch), 1) # else __del__ wasn't invoked
for x in ouch:
# If __del__ resurrected c2, the instance would be damaged, with an
# empty __dict__.
self.assertEqual(x, None)
def test_main():
enabled = gc.isenabled()
gc.disable()
assert not gc.isenabled()
debug = gc.get_debug()
gc.set_debug(debug & ~gc.DEBUG_LEAK) # this test is supposed to leak
try:
gc.collect() # Delete 2nd generation garbage
run_unittest(GCTests, GCTogglingTests)
finally:
gc.set_debug(debug)
# test gc.enable() even if GC is disabled by default
if verbose:
print "restoring automatic collection"
# make sure to always test gc.enable()
gc.enable()
assert gc.isenabled()
if not enabled:
gc.disable()
if __name__ == "__main__":
test_main()