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# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU Library General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA # # See the COPYING file for license information. # # Copyright (c) 2007 Guillaume Chazarain <guichaz@gmail.com> # Allow printing with same syntax in Python 2/3 from __future__ import print_function import errno import os import pprint import pwd import stat import struct import sys import time from procfs import cmdline # # Check for requirements: # o Linux >= 2.6.20 with I/O accounting and VM event counters # ioaccounting = os.path.exists('/proc/self/io') try: from iotop.vmstat import VmStat vmstat_f = VmStat() except: vm_event_counters = False else: vm_event_counters = True if not ioaccounting or not vm_event_counters: print('Could not run iotop as some of the requirements are not met:') print('- Linux >= 2.6.20 with') if not ioaccounting: print(' - I/O accounting support ' \ '(CONFIG_TASKSTATS, CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT, ' \ 'CONFIG_TASK_IO_ACCOUNTING, kernel.task_delayacct sysctl)') if not vm_event_counters: print(' - VM event counters (CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS)') sys.exit(1) from iotop import ioprio, vmstat from iotop.netlink import Connection, NETLINK_GENERIC, U32Attr, NLM_F_REQUEST from iotop.genetlink import Controller, GeNlMessage class DumpableObject(object): """Base class for all objects that allows easy introspection when printed""" def __repr__(self): return '%s: %s>' % (str(type(self))[:-1], pprint.pformat(self.__dict__)) # # Interesting fields in a taskstats output # class Stats(DumpableObject): members_offsets = [ ('blkio_delay_total', 40), ('swapin_delay_total', 56), ('read_bytes', 248), ('write_bytes', 256), ('cancelled_write_bytes', 264) ] has_blkio_delay_total = None def __init__(self, task_stats_buffer): sd = self.__dict__ for name, offset in Stats.members_offsets: data = task_stats_buffer[offset:offset + 8] sd[name] = struct.unpack('Q', data)[0] # This is a heuristic to detect if CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT is enabled in # the kernel. if not Stats.has_blkio_delay_total: Stats.has_blkio_delay_total = sysctl_task_delayacct() def accumulate(self, other_stats, destination, coeff=1): """Update destination from operator(self, other_stats)""" dd = destination.__dict__ sd = self.__dict__ od = other_stats.__dict__ for member, offset in Stats.members_offsets: dd[member] = sd[member] + coeff * od[member] def delta(self, other_stats, destination): """Update destination with self - other_stats""" return self.accumulate(other_stats, destination, coeff=-1) def is_all_zero(self): sd = self.__dict__ for name, offset in Stats.members_offsets: if sd[name] != 0: return False return True @staticmethod def build_all_zero(): stats = Stats.__new__(Stats) std = stats.__dict__ for name, offset in Stats.members_offsets: std[name] = 0 return stats # # Netlink usage for taskstats # TASKSTATS_CMD_GET = 1 TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_PID = 1 TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_PID = 4 TASKSTATS_TYPE_PID = 1 TASKSTATS_TYPE_STATS = 3 class TaskStatsNetlink(object): # Keep in sync with format_stats() and pinfo.did_some_io() def __init__(self, options): self.options = options self.connection = Connection(NETLINK_GENERIC) controller = Controller(self.connection) self.family_id = controller.get_family_id('TASKSTATS') def build_request(self, tid): return GeNlMessage(self.family_id, cmd=TASKSTATS_CMD_GET, attrs=[U32Attr(TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_PID, tid)], flags=NLM_F_REQUEST) def get_single_task_stats(self, thread): thread.task_stats_request.send(self.connection) try: reply = GeNlMessage.recv(self.connection) except OSError as e: if e.errno == errno.ESRCH: # OSError: Netlink error: No such process (3) return raise for attr_type, attr_value in reply.attrs.items(): if attr_type == TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_PID: reply = attr_value.nested() break else: return taskstats_data = reply[TASKSTATS_TYPE_STATS].data if len(taskstats_data) < 272: # Short reply return taskstats_version = struct.unpack('H', taskstats_data[:2])[0] assert taskstats_version >= 4 return Stats(taskstats_data) # # PIDs manipulations # def find_uids(options): """Build options.uids from options.users by resolving usernames to UIDs""" options.uids = [] error = False for u in options.users or []: try: uid = int(u) except ValueError: try: passwd = pwd.getpwnam(u) except KeyError: print('Unknown user:', u, file=sys.stderr) error = True else: uid = passwd.pw_uid if not error: options.uids.append(uid) if error: sys.exit(1) def parse_proc_pid_status(pid): result_dict = {} try: for line in open('/proc/%d/status' % pid): key, value = line.split(':\t', 1) result_dict[key] = value.strip() except IOError: pass # No such process return result_dict def safe_utf8_decode(s): try: return s.decode('utf-8') except UnicodeDecodeError: return s.encode('string_escape') except AttributeError: return s class ThreadInfo(DumpableObject): """Stats for a single thread""" def __init__(self, tid, taskstats_connection): self.tid = tid self.mark = True self.stats_total = None self.stats_delta = Stats.__new__(Stats) self.task_stats_request = taskstats_connection.build_request(tid) def get_ioprio(self): return ioprio.get(self.tid) def set_ioprio(self, ioprio_class, ioprio_data): return ioprio.set_ioprio(ioprio.IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, self.tid, ioprio_class, ioprio_data) def update_stats(self, stats): if not self.stats_total: self.stats_total = stats stats.delta(self.stats_total, self.stats_delta) self.stats_total = stats class ProcessInfo(DumpableObject): """Stats for a single process (a single line in the output): if options.processes is set, it is a collection of threads, otherwise a single thread.""" def __init__(self, pid): self.pid = pid self.uid = None self.user = None self.threads = {} # {tid: ThreadInfo} self.stats_delta = Stats.build_all_zero() self.stats_accum = Stats.build_all_zero() self.stats_accum_timestamp = time.time() def is_monitored(self, options): if (options.pids and not options.processes and self.pid not in options.pids): # We only monitor some threads, not this one return False if options.uids and self.get_uid() not in options.uids: # We only monitor some users, not this one return False return True def get_uid(self): if self.uid: return self.uid # uid in (None, 0) means either we don't know the UID yet or the process # runs as root so it can change its UID. In both cases it means we have # to find out its current UID. try: uid = os.stat('/proc/%d' % self.pid)[stat.ST_UID] except OSError: # The process disappeared uid = None if uid != self.uid: # Maybe the process called setuid() self.user = None self.uid = uid return uid def get_user(self): uid = self.get_uid() if uid is not None and not self.user: try: self.user = safe_utf8_decode(pwd.getpwuid(uid).pw_name) except (KeyError, AttributeError): self.user = str(uid) return self.user or '{none}' def get_cmdline(self): # A process may exec, so we must always reread its cmdline try: proc_cmdline = open('/proc/%d/cmdline' % self.pid) cmdline = proc_cmdline.read(4096) except IOError: return '{no such process}' proc_status = parse_proc_pid_status(self.pid) if not cmdline: # Probably a kernel thread, get its name from /proc/PID/status proc_status_name = proc_status.get('Name', '') if proc_status_name: proc_status_name = '[%s]' % proc_status_name else: proc_status_name = '{no name}' return proc_status_name suffix = '' tgid = int(proc_status.get('Tgid', self.pid)) if tgid != self.pid: # Not the main thread, maybe it has a custom name tgid_name = parse_proc_pid_status(tgid).get('Name', '') thread_name = proc_status.get('Name', '') if thread_name != tgid_name: suffix += ' [%s]' % thread_name parts = cmdline.split('\0') if parts[0].startswith('/'): first_command_char = parts[0].rfind('/') + 1 parts[0] = parts[0][first_command_char:] cmdline = ' '.join(parts).strip() return safe_utf8_decode(cmdline + suffix) def did_some_io(self, accumulated): if accumulated: return not self.stats_accum.is_all_zero() for t in self.threads.values(): if not t.stats_delta.is_all_zero(): return True return False def get_ioprio(self): priorities = set(t.get_ioprio() for t in self.threads.values()) if len(priorities) == 1: return priorities.pop() return '?dif' def set_ioprio(self, ioprio_class, ioprio_data): for thread in self.threads.values(): thread.set_ioprio(ioprio_class, ioprio_data) def ioprio_sort_key(self): return ioprio.sort_key(self.get_ioprio()) def get_thread(self, tid, taskstats_connection): thread = self.threads.get(tid, None) if not thread: thread = ThreadInfo(tid, taskstats_connection) self.threads[tid] = thread return thread def update_stats(self): stats_delta = Stats.build_all_zero() for tid, thread in self.threads.items(): if not thread.mark: stats_delta.accumulate(thread.stats_delta, stats_delta) self.threads = dict([(tid, thread) for tid, thread in self.threads.items() if not thread.mark]) nr_threads = len(self.threads) if not nr_threads: return False stats_delta.blkio_delay_total /= nr_threads stats_delta.swapin_delay_total /= nr_threads self.stats_delta = stats_delta self.stats_accum.accumulate(self.stats_delta, self.stats_accum) return True class ProcessList(DumpableObject): def __init__(self, taskstats_connection, options): # {pid: ProcessInfo} self.processes = {} self.taskstats_connection = taskstats_connection self.options = options self.timestamp = time.time() self.vmstat = vmstat.VmStat() # A first time as we are interested in the delta self.update_process_counts() def get_process(self, pid): """Either get the specified PID from self.processes or build a new ProcessInfo if we see this PID for the first time""" process = self.processes.get(pid, None) if not process: process = ProcessInfo(pid) self.processes[pid] = process if process.is_monitored(self.options): return process def list_tgids(self): if self.options.pids: return self.options.pids tgids = os.listdir('/proc') if self.options.processes: return [int(tgid) for tgid in tgids if '0' <= tgid[0] <= '9'] tids = [] for tgid in tgids: if '0' <= tgid[0] <= '9': try: tids.extend(map(int, os.listdir('/proc/' + tgid + '/task'))) except OSError: # The PID went away pass return tids def list_tids(self, tgid): if not self.options.processes: return [tgid] try: tids = list(map(int, os.listdir('/proc/%d/task' % tgid))) except OSError: return [] if self.options.pids: tids = list(set(self.options.pids).intersection(set(tids))) return tids def update_process_counts(self): new_timestamp = time.time() self.duration = new_timestamp - self.timestamp self.timestamp = new_timestamp total_read = total_write = 0 for tgid in self.list_tgids(): process = self.get_process(tgid) if not process: continue for tid in self.list_tids(tgid): thread = process.get_thread(tid, self.taskstats_connection) stats = self.taskstats_connection.get_single_task_stats(thread) if stats: thread.update_stats(stats) delta = thread.stats_delta total_read += delta.read_bytes total_write += delta.write_bytes thread.mark = False return (total_read, total_write), self.vmstat.delta() def refresh_processes(self): for process in self.processes.values(): for thread in process.threads.values(): thread.mark = True total_read_and_write = self.update_process_counts() self.processes = dict([(pid, process) for pid, process in self.processes.items() if process.update_stats()]) return total_read_and_write def clear(self): self.processes = {} def sysctl_task_delayacct(): """ WAS: try: with open('/proc/sys/kernel/task_delayacct') as f: return bool(int(f.read().strip())) except FileNotFoundError: return None Because /proc/sys/kernel/task_delayacct doesn't exist on RHEL8, it always returns None, which is equivalent to False in the end. On RHEL8, delayacct_on kernel variable is enabled by default """ return 'nodelayacct' not in cmdline().keys()